考试说明
全国硕土研究生入学考试是为高等学校和科研机构招收硕士研究生而设置的。其中，英语实行全国统一考试。它的评价标准是高等学校非英语专业优秀本科毕业生能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，有利于各高等学校和科研机构在专业上择优选拔。
考试对象为2004年参加全国硕士研究生入学考试的本科应届毕业生，以及符合报考条件的具有同等学力的在职人员。
本考试对课程和教材不作统一规定，凡符合下列评价目标的课程及教材都适合考生应考复习。
一、评价目标
考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：
(一)语言知识
1．语法知识
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2．词汇
考生应能掌握5300左右的词汇以及相关词组(详见附录)。英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到当今科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
此外，硕士研究生英语入学考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
3．写作
考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，考生应能：考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握涉及个人好恶、生活习惯、宗教信仰，以及本人工作或专业等方面的特殊词汇。
(二)语言技能
1．听力
考生不仅应能听懂日常生活中的通知、讲话、一般性谈话或讨论等，还应能听懂所熟悉领域的广播电视节目、讲座、演讲和论述等。根据所听材料，考生应能：
1)理解主旨要义；
2)获取事实性的具体信息；
3)理解明确或隐含表达的概念性含义；
4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申；
5)理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
2．阅读一
考生应能读懂不问类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3％)，包括信函、书刊和杂志上的文章，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明和产品介绍等。材料，考生应能：
1)理解主旨要义；
2)理解文中的具体信息；
3)理解文中的概念性含义；
4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申；
5)根据上下文推测生词的词义；
6)理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；
7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度；
8)区分论点和论据。
(阅读：考生应能掌握的语言技能包括听、说、读、写四种能力。但是由于口语能力的考查在复试中进行，因此这里只列出听、读、写三种技能。
语言技能：硕士研究生英语入学考试将英译汉试题作为阅读理解的一部分，其目的是测试考生根据上下文准确理解英语句子并用汉语正确予以表达的能力。)
3．写作
考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，考生应能：
1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；
2)遵循文章的特定文体格式；
3)合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；
4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语言。
二、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构
(一)考试形式
考试形式为笔试。考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。
试卷分试题册和答题卡(1、2)两部分，考生应将1～60题的答案按要求写或填涂在答题卡1上，将6l一66题的答案写在答题卡2上。
(二)考试内容与试卷结构
试题分四部分，共66题，包括听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分 听力
该部分由A、B、(：三节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的能力。共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。
A节(5题)：主要测试考生理解特定或者具体信息的能力。要求考生根据所听到的一段180～220词的独白或者对话，填充表格中的空白。录音材料播放两遍。
B节(5题)：主要测试考生理解具体或总休信息的能力。要求考生根据所听到的一段280—320词的独㈠或对话，补全所给句子或简要回答给出的问题。录音材料播放两遍。
C节(10题)：主要测试考生获取特定信息理解主旨要义，推测、判断说话者意图、观点或态度等能力。要求考生根据所听到的三段录音材料(独白或对话)，每段200～300词，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案。录音材料只播放一遍。
本节试题的提问不在录音中播放，仅在试题册上印出。
考试进行时，考生先将答案写或划在试题册上，然后在听力部分结束前专门留出的5分钟内，将试题册上的全部答案整洁地誊写或转涂到答题卡1上。该部分所需时间约为30分钟(含誊写和转涂时间)。
第二部分 英语知识运用
该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240—280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。考生在答题卡1上作答。
第三部分 阅读理解
该部分由A.B两节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
A节(20题)：主要考察考生理解具体信息、掌握文章大意、猜测生词词义并进行推断等能力。要求考生根据所提供的四篇(总长度约为1
600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节(5题)：主要考考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读—篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。考生在答题卡2上作答。
第四部分 写作
该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。共1题，20分。
要求考生根据提示信息写出·一篇约200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句，写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在打题目卡2上作答。
附表：2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷结构表
部分 节 为考生提供的信息 指导语言 测试要点 题型 题目数量 计分 答题卡种类
A 1段独白或对话(180—220词)(放两遍录音) 英语 特定或具体信息 填充表格 5 5
听力(20分) B 1段独白或对话(280—320词)(放两遍录音) 英语 具体或总体信息 补全句子或简答题 5 5
C 3段材料(独白或对话)(每段200-300词)(放一遍录音) 英语 获取特定信息，理解主旨要义，推测、判断说话者意图、观点或态度等 多项选择题
(四选一) 10 10 答题卡1(人工阅卷、机器阅卷)
英语知识运用(10分) 1篇文章(240-280词) 英语 词汇、语法和结构 完形填空多项选择题(四选一) 20 10
阅读理解(50分) A 4篇文章(共约1 600词) 英语 理解具体信息，掌握文章大意，猜测生词词义井进行推断等 多项选择题(四选一) 20 40
B 1篇文章(约400词)5处划线部分(约150词) 英语 理解的准确性 英译汉 5 10 答题卡2 (人工阅
Ⅳ写作(20分) 主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等 英语 书面表达 短文写作(约200词) 1 20 卷、机器 登分)
总计 65+1 100
附录1 全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试题示例、答题卡1、答题卡2、
听力录音文字稿、评分标准及参考答案
1．全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题示例
全国硕土研究生入学考试英语试题
National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS
Candidates (NETEM)
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
考生注意事项
1．考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
2．答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“报考单位”、“考生姓名”、“考试语种”、“考生编号”等信息。
3．答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。
(1)听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解A节的答案写或填涂在答题卡1上，阅读理解B节、写作写在答题卡2上。
(2)听力考试进行时，考生先将答案写或标在试题册上，然后在听力部分结束前专门留出的5分钟内，将试题册上的全部答案誊写或转涂到答题卡1上。
(3)填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净，书写部分(听力A、B两节、阅读理解B节、写作)必须用蓝(黑)圆珠笔在指定的答题卡上作答。
4．考试结束后，将答题卡1、答题卡2一并装入原试卷袋中，试题交给监考人员。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
Section I Listening Comprehension
Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken
English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer
the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section,
Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you
should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the
listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all
your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions:
For Questions 1--5,you will hear a conversation in which a woman is asking
for tourist information about Sudeley Castle and Snowshill Manor. While you
listen, fill out the table with the information you've heard . Some of the
information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number
in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25
seconds to read the table below. (5 points)
Information about Sudeley Castle
opening hour a.m. 1
closing hour 5p.m.
cost for adults 2
cost for children 3.00
Information about Snowshill Manor
collectim~ that children like 3
payment for visit 4
close from (month) 5
Part B
Directions:
For Questions 6--10,you will hear a radio weather forecast. While you
listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3
words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25
seconds to read the sentences and questions
below. (5 points)
By early morning showers will reach 6
The minimum temperature in the 7
south during the night will be no
lower than
On what day of the week was this 8
weather forecast given?
The speaker feels that the weekend 9
weather in much of France is
It will be cloudy but dry over the 10
weekend across
Part C
Directions:
You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each
one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While
listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening,
you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once
only. (10 points)
Questions 11--13 are based on the following talk introducing Emily
Dickinson, a well-known American poet. You now have 15 seconds to read
Questions 11-- 13.
11. How long did Emily Dickinson live in the house where she was
born?
[A] almost all her life
less than half her life
[C] until 1830
[D] before 1872
12. Which of the following is true of Emily Dickinson?
[A] She was not a productive poet.
She saw many of her poems published.
[C] She was not a sociable person.
ID] She communicated only with seven poets.
13. Emily Dickinson was widely recognized after
[A] Henry James referred highly to her.
[BI seven of her poems were published.
[C] her poems became known to others.
[D] she had been dead for many years.
Questions 14--16 are based on the following radio program. You now have 15
seconds to read Questions 14--16.
14. Which of the following may be included in BCD International programs?
[A] interviews with radio producers
[ B ]a variety of classic pop songs
[C ]latest news of the music library
[D ]stories about the good old days
15. Which program gives us the ideas behind the pop songs
[A] the History of Pop
the Road to Music
[C] Pop Words
[D] About the Big Hits
16. Which word best describes native speakers' understanding of English
pop songs?
[A] effortless
impossible
[C] difficult
[D] unnecessary
Questions 17--20 are based on a conversation between Dr. Francis and Li
Ming about Li Ming's planned visit to Cambridge. You now have 20 seconds to
read Questions 17--20.
17. What is Dr. Francis?
[A] a teacher of English in Cambridge
[BI a specialist in computer science
[C]a consultant to a Scottish company
[D] a British tourist to China
18. What is the approximate temperature in Cambridge in summer?
[A] 22'C
23'C~
[C] 25'C
[D] 34'C
19. Where does l)r. Francis suggest l.i Ming should stay in Cambridge?
[Al with an English family
in a flat near the college
IC] with a language teacher
[D] in a student dormitory
20. What is the point Dr. Francis is making when he mentions Ali?
[A] Certain things cannot be learned from books.
Foreign students had better live on campus
[C] Choice of where to live varies from person ot person.
[D] British families usually welcome fi}reign students.
You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet
to ANSWER SHEET 1.
Section II Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank
and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to
buy up people involved in prominent cases 21 the trial of Rosemary West.
In a significant 22 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the
Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 23 bill that will propose making payments
to witnesses 24 and will strictly control the amount of 25 that can be given
to a case 26 a
trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media
select committee, Lord Irvine said he 27 with a committee report this year
which said that self regulation did not 28 sufficient control.
29 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 30 of media
protest when he said the 31 of privacy controls contained in European
legislation would be left to judges 32 to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction df the Human Rights Bill, which 33
the European Convention on Human Rights legally 34 in Britain, laid down
that everybody was 35 toprivacy and that public figures could go to court to
protect themselves and their families.
"Press freedoms will be in safe hands 36 our British judges," he said.
Witness payments became an 37 after West was sentenced to 10 life
sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 38 to have received payments for
telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 39 witnesses might
be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 40 guilty verdicts.
21. IAI as to for instance
[C] in particular [D] such as
22. IA] tightening intensifying
[C]focusing [D] fastening
23. [A]sketch rough
[C] preliminary [D] draft
24. IAI illogical illegal
[C] improbable [D] improper
25. IAI publicity penalty
[C] popularity [DJ peculiarity
26. [A] since lB] if
[c] before [D] as
27. [Al sided [BI shared
[C] complied ID] agreed
28. IAI present [BI offer
[C] manifest [D] indicate
29. IA] Release Publication
[C] Printing ID] Exposure
30. [A] storm rage
[CI]flare [D] flash
31. IAI translation interpretation
[C] exhibition [ D] demonstration
32. [A] better than other than
ICI rather than [D] sooner than
33. [A] changes makes
[C] sets [D] turns
34. [A] binding convincing
ICI restraining [D] sustaining
35. [AI authorized credited
ICI entitled [D] qualified
36. [A] with to
[C] from [D] by
37. [A] impact EB] incident
[C] inference [D] issue
38. IAI stated remarked
[C] said [D] told
39. [A] what when
[C] which [D] that
40. [A] assure confide
[C] ensure [D] guarantee
Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six
months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,
Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world
to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to
die. The measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost
immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world
away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of
Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says
Hofsess: "We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't
just something that happened in Australia. It's world history."
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the
Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal
with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of
relief; others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian
Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its
passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia--where an aging
population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have
all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar
law to deal with euthanasia. In the U. S. and Canada, where the right-to-die
movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to
start failing.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request
death--probably by a deadly injection or pill--to put an end to suffering.
The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a
"cooling off" period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of
request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a
54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of
Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear
of his suffering: a terrifying deat from his breathing condition. "I' m not
afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of
washow I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for
oxygen and clawing at their masks," he says.
41. From the second paragraph we learn that
IA] the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries.
physicians and citizens have the same view on euthanasia.
[C] technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law.
[D] it takes time. to appreciate the significance of laws passed.
42. By saying that "observers are waiting for the dominoes to start
falling", the author means that
[Al observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of
euthanasia.
[BI there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the U.S. and
Canada.
[C] observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure.
[D] the process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a stop.
43. When Lloyd Nickson is close to death, he will
[Al undergo a "cooling off" period of seven days.
experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient.
[ C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering.
[D] face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia.
44. What is the author's attitude towards euthanasia?
[A] hostile
suspicious
[ C] approving
[D] indifferent
45. We can infer fn)m thc text that the success of the rigln I{~ ~lic
movement is
[A] only a manet of tune.
far from certain.
[C] just an illusion.
[D] a fading hope.
Text 2
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering
the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound
like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link
between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long,
variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence
the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with
a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering
wheel.
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to
boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies
fell to a mere 2. 3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years,
before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the
double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early
1980s.
It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the
panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America'
s inflation rate would average 3.5 % in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6 % in
August, and is expected to average only about 3 %for the year as a whole. In
Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the
rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over
the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than
expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures
in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that
both economies, and especially America's,have little productive slack.
America's capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels
earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below
most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment--the rate below which
inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is,
unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful
structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that
were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
46. According to the text, making monetary policy changes
[A] is comparable to driving a car.
[BI is similar to carrying out scientific work.
[C] will not influence the economy immediately.
[D] will have an immediate impact on the inflation rate.
47. From the text we learn that
[A] there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest rates.
the economy always follows particular trends.
[C] the current economic problems are entirely predictable.
[D] the present economic situation is better than expected.
48. The text suggests that
[A] the previous economic models are still applicable.
an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.
[C] a high unemployment rate will result from inflation.
[D] interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.
49. By saying "This is no flash in the pan" (paragraph 3, line 7), the
author implies that
IAI the Iow inflation rate will continue.
the inflation rate will rise again.
[C] inflation will disappear entirely.
[D] there is no inflation at present.
50. How does the author feel about the present situation?
[A] tolerant
indifferent
[C] disappointed
[D] surprised
Text 3
In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved
around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved
to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products
and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense
because businesspeople typically know what product they' re looking for.
Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of
doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the
pathway between them and the supplier,' says senior analyst Blane Erwin of
Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting
online transactions only with established business partners who are given
access to the company's private intranet.
Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the
technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing
activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the
past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow
companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting
marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the
Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated
stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors.
Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed
directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are
already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers
about special sales, product offerings, or other events.
But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online
culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the
screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to
fill the screen ,uinvited, the distinction between the Web and television
fades. That's a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
But it is hardly inevitable that companies on tin, Web, will need to
resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards,
Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind
of products with the right mix of interactivity .hospitality, and security
will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to
free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in
silicon. People looking 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few
companies took the online plunge.
51. We learn from the beginning of the text that Web business
[A] has been striving to expand its market.
intended to follow a fanciful fashion.
[C] tried but in vain to control the market.
[D] has been booming for one year or so.
52. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author
implies that
[AI the technology is popular with many Web users.
businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions.
[C] there is a radical change in strategy.
[D] it is accessible limitedly to established partners.
53. In the view of Net purists,
[A] there should be no marketing messages in online culture.
money making should be given priority to on the Web.
[C] the Web should be able to function as the television set.
[D] there should be no online commercial information without requests.
54. We learn from the last paragraph that
[A] pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce.
interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers.
[C] leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago.
[D] setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing
power.
55. The purpose of the author in writing the text is to
[A]urge active participation in online business.
elaborate on various marketing strategies.
[C] compare web business with traditional commerce.
[D] illustrate the transition from the pull to push strategy.
Text 4
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were
enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an
old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of
salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age
by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in
efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the
second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a
step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and
state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business
managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family
business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to
supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had
important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and
industry greatly increased the number sand importance of shareholders as a
class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth
detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;, and almost equally
detached from the responsible management of business. All through the
nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe
were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus
enriched by the world's movement towards industrialisation. Towns like
Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprangup to house large "comfortable" classes who
had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the
community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a
shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the
other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many
of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or
needs of the workmen employed by the company inwhich he held shares, and his
influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid
manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and
their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of
the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal
system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of
operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal
relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and
organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled
the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who
employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two
parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair
negotiation.
56. The author says that 01d family firms
[A] were ruined by the younger generations.
failed for lack of individual initiative.
[C] lacked efficiency compared with modern companies.
[D] were able to supply adequate services to taxpayers.
57. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in
[A] the separation of capital from management.
the ownership of capital by managers.
[C] the emergence of capital and labour as two classes.
[D] the participation of shareholders in land ownership.
58. The text indicates that
[A] some countries developed quickly because of their limited liability
companies.
the tide of industralisation benefited British shareholders greatly.
IC] shareholders contributed a lot to the fast growth of the British
economy.
ID] the system of shareholding impaired the management of
modern companies.
59. We learn from the text that
[ A] shareholders often cast negative influence on the well-being of
workers.
owners of traditional firm enjoyed a good relationship with their
employees.
IC] limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly.
[D] trade unions had a positive role between workers and the management.
60. The author appears to be very critical of
IA] family firm owners.
[ B] shareholders.
[C] managers.
[ D] landowners.
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the
underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly
on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
In less than 30 years' time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.
Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also
create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like
those in the fihn Total Recall.
61) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots , and cars with
pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 62) Children
will play with dolls equipped with personality chin computers with in-built
personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation
will be in front of smell- television, and digital age will have arrived.
According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the
developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a
period of 1 000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate
progress in all areas of life.
63) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around
the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the
latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and
discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in
medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial
organs coming into use between now and 2040.
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. "By linking
directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and,
hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory
environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek
holodeck," he says. 64) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of
man-machine integration: "h will be the beginning of the long process of
integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the
end of the next century.
Through his research, Pearson is able to pul dales to most of the
breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there ;u'e still no forecasts
for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning
will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect
social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in
neighborhood Surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010,
while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be
able to distinguish between their human friends and the dr(fids. 65) And
home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating
them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen
rage.
Section 1V Writing
66. Directions:
Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay to
1. describe the pictures,
2. deduce the purpose of the drawer (if the pictures, and
3. suggest counter-measures.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
(20 points)
4．听力录音文字稿
全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题示例听力部分现在开始试音。[一小段英语独自，分别由一男士和一女士朗读，约需3分钟。]
试音到此结束。
[ Pause 00' 30" ]
W: Section I Listening Comprehension
Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken
English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer
the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section,
Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you
should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the
listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all
your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
[Pause 00' 25" ]
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions:
For Questions 1--5, you will hear a conversation in which a woman is
asking for tourist information about Sudeley Castle and Snowshill Manor.
While you listen ,fill out the table with the information you' ye heard.
Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1
word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You
now have 25 seconds to read the table below.
[ Pause 00' 25" ]
[ Tone ]
M: Good morning, can I help you7
W: Yes, good morning, I've just got a few questions, I wonder if you can
help me sort hem out.
M: I'll see what I can do.
W: Can you tell me when Sudeley Castle is open? We want to go there this
morning.
M: Yes, of course. Sudeley Castle, Sudeley, I think it's open all day,
someone asked me this a week or m ago. Here we are, I' ve got the guide,
yes, it' s open from 11 in the morning until 5 in the afternoon, well not
quite all day, but morning and afternoon.
W: Eleven to five, OK, that's great, Er, can you show me how much it costs
to get in?
M: Yes, it costs r~4.50 for adults and 3.00 for children. It sounds a bi!
expensive but there's a lot to do there. I think it's worth the money.
W: OK, now another question: what exactly is Snowshill Manorr? What can
you see there?
M: Oh, it's a museum, an absolutely fascinating collection of all sorts of
things, like clocks and cabinets, and all kinds of swords and masks.
W: Masks? Well, the kids will like them. Do you pay to get into this
museum?
M: Yes, you do, I think it's about three pounds fifty.
W: Is it open this time of year?
M: Yes, it's open until the end of September, so there are a few weeks
before it closes.
W: Right, we'll try it. Thank you very much for the information.
M: Enjoy your visit. Good-bye.
W: You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions
1--5.
[ Pause 00' 30" ]
W: Now you will hear the recording again.
[The recording is repeated. ]
W: You now have 20 seconds to check your answers to Questions
1--5.
[ Pause 00' 20" ]
W: That is the end of Part A.
M: Part B
Directions:
For Questions 6--10, you will hear a radio weather forecast.
While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the question hear the
recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions
below.
[ Pause 110'25"]
[ Tone j
W: Hello. It's been another warm and fine day for most of us. Temperatures
in south-east England reached twenty-six degrees Centigrade by this
afternoon, and Brighton had fifteen hours of lovely sunshine. But already
the weather is beginning to change, I'm afraid, and during the night showers
will slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach south-west England by early
morning.
The rest of the country will have a very mild, dry night with minimum
temperature no lower than fifteen degrees in the south, a little
cooler--eleven degrees or so--in the north. Any remaining showers in
northwest Scotland will pass quickly, to leave a mild, dry night there too.
And now, let's move on to the weather forecast for Friday and the weekend.
Well, southern Europe will once again get the best of the weekend weather,
and if your holiday starts this weekend, then southern Spain is the place to
go, with temperatures of thirty-four degrees along the Mediterranean coast.
At the eastern end of the Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted sunshine
and temperatures of up to thirty-two degrees Centigrade in Greece and
south-east Italy, but further north the weather's not so settled. Much of
France, Belgium and the Netherlands will be cloudy with occasional rain and
maximum temperatures will be around twenty-two degrees--very disappointing
for this time of the year. Scotland and Northern Ireland will have heavy
rain for much of the weekend and temperatures will drop to a cool seventeen
degrees. Across most of England the weather will be cloudy but mainly dry
with sunny periods. And when the sun does come out temperatures could rise
to a maximum of twenty-three degrees... [ fade out ]
You now have 50 seconds to check your answers to Questions 6--10.
[ Pause 00' 50" ]
M: Now you will hear the recording again.
[The recording is repeated. ]
You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 6--10.
[ Pause 00' 30" ]
W: That is the end of Part B.
W: Part C
Directions:
You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each
one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While
listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening,
you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once
only.
Questions 11--13 are based on the following talk introducing Emily
Dickinson, a well-known American poet. You now have 15 seconds to read
Questions 11--13.
[Pause 00' 15"]
[ Tone ]
M: Emily Dickinson is one of the greatest American poets. She was born in
a typical New England village in Massachusetts on De comber 10, 1830. She
was the second child of the family. She died in the same house fifty-six
years later. During her life time she never left her native land. She left
her home state only once. She left her village very few times. And after
1872 she rarely left her house and yard. In the last years of her life she
retreated to a smaller and smaller circle of family and friends. In those
later years she dressed in white, avoided strangers, and communicated
chiefly through notes and poems even with intimates. The doctor who attended
her illness was allowed to "examine" her in another room, seeing her walk by
an opened door. She was thought of as a "strange" figure in her home
village. When she died on May 15, 1886, she was unknown to the rest of the
world. Only seven of her poems had appeared in print. But to think Emily
Dickinson only as a strange figure is a serious mistake. She lived simply
and deliberately. She faced the essential facts of life. According to Henry
James, a famous American novelist, she was one of those on whom nothing was
lost. Only by thus living could Dickinson manage both to fulfill her
obligations as a daughter, a sister, and a housekeeper and to write on the
average one poem a day. She read only a few books but knew them deeply. Her
poems are simple but remarkably rich. Not until 1950s was she recognized as
one of the greatest American poets.
W: You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions
11--13.
[ Pause 00' 30"
M: Questions 14--16 are based on the following radio program.
You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.
[Pause 00' 15"]
[ Tone ]
W: Good evening. You are listening to Pop World of BCD International. I'm
Susan Welch. Today, we are going to hear several current hits of the world's
most popular artists.
Well, first, I would like to say a few words to my dear listeners who are
not very familiar with this program.
Since many people want to listen to and understand pop songs, radio
producers at BCD International have made hundreds of programs over the
years. We not only have access to the stars of the music world, but we also
have a vast library of "golden oldie'' classics, as well as the "latest
releases".
For those of you who like a bit of background with your favorite
music--there's The History of Pop or The Road to Music.
These two series bring you the language of pop music and information about
the periods and the artists.
If you want to hear from the artists themselves, there's a new series
called About the Big Hits. This is based on interviews with popular singers
and songwriters. They talk to us about the meaning and ideas behind their
songs.
If you want to understand the words to the big music hits, Pop Words is
the program for you. After all, it's hard enough for native English speakers
to understand most pop songs -- so, if English isn't your first language,
you shouldn't be surprised if the words to many songs leave you in the dark.
It was to address exactly this problem that BCD International started
broadcasting Pop Words just over 23 years ago... [fade out]
M: You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions
14--16.
[ Pause 00' 30" ]
W: Questions 17--20 are based on a conversation between Dr. Francis and Li
Ming about Li Ming's planned visit to Cambridge. You now have 20 seconds to
read Questions
17--20.
[ Pause 00' 20" ]
[ Tone ]
[Knocks on the door]
M: Oh, hello, Li Ming. Come on in, and how've you been keeping recently?
W: Quite all right, thanks, Dr. Francis. How's your project going?
M: Very smoothly, I should say. I'm playing a consultancy role, really.
I've only been here in China a month, but I'm already on very good terms
with my colleagues in the Department of Computer Science. Well, I'm happy
that you could come. Do sit down, please.
W: Dr. Francis, 'do you know I've got a chance to go to Cambridge in
August? I wonder if you could tell me something about Britain.
M: Certainly. Well, I was actually brought up in Scotland. Erin, in fact,
I've never been to Cambridge. But well… yes, I' m sure I can give you some
useful tips. Now, what do you want to know, Li Ming?
W: Things like weather. What's the usual temperature there?
M: Mmm, the temperature in Scotland is 22, or 23 degrees Centigrade, on
average, I think. But Cambridge would be warmer around 25, I would guess,
because it's down south.
W: Oh, that's nice. Do you know it is 34 here? Last year it reached 39. By
the way, where do you think I should stay?
M: Oh, that's important. You can, er, . .. I suppose, stay in the
college-owned flats, which are often near where you have your classes, and
some are even on the campus. That would certainly be convenient.
W: Yes, it would.
M: But it can also be a disadvantage because you are, in a sense,
separated from ordinary society. You' re a language teacher, and I think
learning from society is a valuable experience.
W: Yes, yes, exactly, so what' s the alternative?
M: Maybe finding an English host family. I know of a student Ali from the
Middle East. He told me that he had learnt a lot by staying with a British
family.
W: Thank you, I think it's quite a good suggestion. By the way, Dr.
Francis, do you think I could . . . ? [fade out]
M: You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 17--20.
[Pause 00' 40" ]
That is the end of Part C.
You now have five minutes to transfer all your answers from
your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
Pause 05'00"]
[ Tom, ]
That is the end of Listening Comprehension.
听力部分到此结束，请考生继续作达其他部分的试题
5．评分标准及参考答案
评分标准
阅卷须知：
1．阅卷一律以本答案为准，不得改动，不得另行制订答案，，
2．保持答题卡整洁；阅卷人员应以高度负责的精神认真仔细地批阅并填涂有关信息和分数。
3．答题卡l采取机器阅卷，但听力部分A、B节需先人J：阅卷，再采取机器阅卷。A、B节的答案如果正确，清在该题后的[R] [W]中的[R]上划
。答案如果错误，请在该题后的[R][w] 中的[W]上划 。
4．答题卡2采用先人工阅卷，再机器登分。阅卷人—一律用红笔批改，错误处用横线划出，将每道小题的分数准确地填涂到答题卡2上相应的数字上。每题必须由两位阅卷人员评阅，并在阅卷教师代号处填涂各自的代号。
5．计分以小题为单位，每小题的扣分不得超过该题的分仇，，
评分标准：
I．听力
A节：5小题，每题1分，共5分。
B节：5小题，每题1分，共5分。
C节：10小题，每题1分，共10分。
A、B两节对大小写(专有名词除外)和标点符号不做要求，英、美拼法均町接受，但拼写错误不给分。
II．英语知识运用：20小题，每题0.5分，共10分。
III．阅读理解
A节：20小题，每题2分，共40分。
B节：5小题，每题2分，共10分。
． 如果句子出现扭曲原文意思，其得分最多不超过0.5分。
． 如出现两种或两种以上正确译法，给分；其中一种错误者，酌情扣分，扣分不得超过1分。
． 汉语错别字，不个)川扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提1；，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无
0.25扣分。
IV．写作：1小题，20分。
本题以通篇分档计分，计分标准如下：
20—17分 内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。
16—13分 内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵，文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求，，
12—9分 内容切题，从小包括题中所列三方面的内容；坫个清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求，，
8—5分 内容基本切题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和用词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。
4—1分 基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。
0分 文不切题，语句混乱，无法理解。
参考答案
Section I Listening. Comprehension
Part A
1. 11/eleven 2. 4.50 (pounds) 3. masks
4. 3.50 (pounds) 5. October
Part B
6. south-west England 7. 15/fifteen 8. Thursday
9. (very) disappointing 10. most of England
Part C
11. A 12. C 13. l) 14. B 15. i) 16. C 17. B 18. C
19. A 20. A
Section II Use of English
21. D 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. I) 28. B
29. B 30. A 31. B 32. (' 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. A
37. D 38. (' 39. I) 41). ('
Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A
41. D 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B
49. A 50. D 51. A 52. C 53. I) 54. B 55. A 56. C
57. A 58. B 59. D 60. B
Part B
61．届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。
62．儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃奸玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机的休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了，、
63．皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到的数目项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
64．但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”
65．家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病——厨房狂躁症。
Section IV Writing
66．(Omission)
|