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近些年,高考语法知识运用部分越来越突出语言交际能力的考查,试题的设置更侧重考查学生的实际水平,主要包括下面五个方面:
一、基础语法知识
纵观近五年来NMET的语法测试,我们不难总结基础语法的考点分布情况:
语法点 |
NMET1998
(6—25) |
NMET1999
(6—25) |
NMET2000
(6—25) |
NMET2001
(21—25) |
NMET2002
(21—35) |
主谓一致 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
冠词 |
- |
8 |
10 |
29 |
26 |
代词 |
8,9 |
17 |
16,17,23,24 |
25 |
35 |
连词 |
7,11,23 |
21 |
- |
- |
22 |
介词 |
- |
- |
- |
27 |
- |
动词短语 |
12 |
12 |
22 |
26 |
31 |
情态动词 |
13 |
15 |
15 |
33 |
25 |
时态语态 |
10,18,20,24 |
14,16,24 |
20,25 |
22,24,30,32 |
23.29,34 |
虚拟语气 |
- |
19 |
- |
33 |
- |
非谓语动词 |
23 |
21,25 |
18,19 |
35 |
28,32 |
形容词 |
6 |
9 |
- |
- |
27 |
副词 |
14,16 |
- |
7,11 |
28,31 |
- |
名词 |
21 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
动词 |
17 |
20 |
12,19 |
23 |
29,34 |
从句 |
25 |
13,18,19 |
14 |
22,31,34 |
24,30,33 |
交际用语 |
7,15 |
6,10 |
6,9,13 |
21 |
21 |
例题:
1、NMET 2002第29小题(时态)
I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from
her by now.
A hasn’t written
B doesn’t write
C won’t write
D hadn’t written
答案A
2、NMET 2002第26小题(冠词)
Jumping out of ____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite
____ exciting experience.
A
不填; the B
不填; an C an; an
D the; the
答案C
3、北京卷 2002第22小题(从句)
We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some
other places, _____ other visitors seldom go.
A what B which C where D when
答案C
二、语法知识的实际应用
语法知识的实际应用通常是设置一个特定的语言环境,或在口语对话中对基础语法、固定搭配等进行考查。
例题:
1、NMET 2002
第23题(特定语境中的时态)
—You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you
like it?
—I’m sorry I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think
it’s a pretty on you.
A wasn’t saying
B
don’t say C
won’t say D
didn’t say
答案D
2、NMET 2002
第22题(特定语境中的连词)
Excuse me for breaking in, _____ I have some news for you.
A so
B and
C but
D yet
答案C
3、北京卷 2002
第31题(特定语境中的情态动词)
—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
—It _____ true because there was little snow there.
A may not be
B won’t be
C couldn’t be
D mustn’t be
答案C
三、固定搭配和习惯用法
固定搭配和习惯用法通常是指对动词短语、介词短语、动词
+ 小品词等的考查。
例题:
1、NMET 2002
第31题(固定搭配)
We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to
____ it. It might be valuable.
A hold on to
B keep up with C turn to
D look after
答案A
2、北京卷 2002
第24题(习惯用语)
It is so nice to hear from her. _____, we last met more than
thirty years ago.
A What’s more B That is to say
C
In other words D
Believe it or not
答案D
3、北京卷 2002
第29题(固定搭配)
His mother had
thought it would be good for his character to ____ from home and earn
some money on his own.
A run away
B take away C keep away D get away
答案D
四、词义辨析
词义辨析通常包括动词、形容词、副词、名词等的辨析。
例题:
1、NMET 2002
第28题(动词词义辨析)
The taxi driver often reminds passengers to ____ their
belongings when they leave the car.
A keep B catch C hold D take
答案D
2、北京卷 2002
第26题(形容词词义辨析)
All the people _____ at the party were his supporter.
A present
B thankful
C interested D important
答案A
3、上海卷 2002
第43题(名词词义辨析)
For the sake of her daughter’s health, she decided to move to
a warm ______.
A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate
答案D
五、日常交际用语
我们在中学阶段的口语学习中学习了各种话题,例如问候、感谢、道歉、介绍等,在这些特定的语言环境中通常我们要用比较常用的口语模式进行问答,所以日常交际用语也就成了NMET的一个考点。
例题:
1、 NMET 2002
第21题(交际用语)
—I’m taking my driving test tomorrow.
—______ !
A Cheers
B Good luck
C Come on
D Congratulations
答案B
2、北京卷 2002
第35题(交际用语)
—It’s been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much.
—______.
A My pleasure
B I’m glad to hear that
C No, thanks D
It’s OK
答案A
3、NMET2002秋季第21题
—I’ve got your invitation.
—Oh, good.
___ .
A. Can you come?
B.
Thanks a lot.
C. I’ll take it.
D.
May I help you?
答案A
通过对上面五个考点的分析,我们可以看出,这五个方面不是孤立的考点,而是相互渗透的,无论测试的重点是哪一方面都离不开其它几个方面的知识,所以我们在做单项填空题时一定要多角度考虑,从而选出最佳答案。
六、本专栏所列语法的主要考点
1、从句
名词性从句考点:(1)连词的选择;(2)主句与从句时态的呼应;(3)同位语从句与定语从句的区别;(4)wh-
与wh-ever 的区别;(4)that在名词性从句中的省略问题;(5)名词性从句的语序问题
状语从句考点:(1)主句与从句的时态呼应问题;(2)连接词的选择(注意区别几组连接词:while
/ as / when引导时间状语从句;because
/ since / as / for引导原因状语从句;if
/ unless引导条件状语从句;so…that
/ such…that引导结果状语从句等);(3)状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换;(4)状语从句的倒装结构(hardly
/ scarcely…when;no sooner…than等)
定语从句考点:(1)关系词的选择;(2)that和which的区别;(3)关系词的省略问题;(4)介词在定语从句中位置(介词
+ 关系代词);(5)as引导的定语从句;(6)定语从句的先行词和关系词当中的插入语
2、代词
代词考点:(1)人称代词(形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、人称代词);(2)反身代词(3)指示代词(it,that,one,ones等的用法);(4)不定代词(不定代词所指代的内容及其单复数;不定代词的否定意义等)
3、动词(情态动词、动词和动词短语、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词)
情态动词考点:(1)情态动词的词义辨析;(2)在特定场景中情态动词的选择;(3)must
/ may / might在推测句中的区别;(4)should
/ could / would 等
+ have + 动词的过去分词的用法;(5)need与dare分别做实义动词和助动词的区别
动词和动词短语考点:(1)动词和动词词组的词义辨析;(2)动词的固定搭配(动词
+ 介词;动词
+ 副词——介词和副词的选择)
时态语态考点:(1)八种基本时态;(2)主句与从句谓语动词的时态呼应;(3)动词touch
/ feel / write / sell 等主动表示被动的用法;(4)系动词的用法;(5)延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
虚拟语气考点:(1)虚拟语气主句和从句时态及结构的对应;(2)动词(suggest / require / order / demand等)、名词(suggestion / requirement / order / demand等)、形容词(necessary / important / essential / basic等)的虚拟语气用法;(3)“It
be ( high / about …) that + 句子”结构中的虚拟语气用法;(4)wish / hope等引导的虚拟语气;(5)as
if 的虚拟语气;(6)虚拟语气的倒装
非谓语动词考点:(1)非谓语动词的时态、语态;(2)非谓语动词做状语;(3)独立主格结构;(4)with复合结构;(5)非谓语动词的逻辑主语;(6)非谓语动词的否定式;(7)现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别
4、交际用语
交际用语考点:(1)打电话;(2)询问情况;(3)征求许可与应答;(4)邀请与应答;(5)提供帮助与应答;(6)建议与应答;(7)道歉与应答;(8)问候与应答
5、介词
介词考点:(1)动词
+ 介词;(2)介词和名词;(3)介词和数词;(4)except
/ except for / except that / besides用法;
6、冠词
冠词考点:(1)名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法;(2)固定搭配中的冠词用法
7、名词
名词考点:(1)名词的单复数;(2)名词所有格;(3)词义辨析;(4)名词前的冠词;(5)名词的习惯用法;(6)名词做定语的用法
8、强调句型
强调句型考点:it引导的强调句型It
be + 被强调部分
+ that / who +其它
9、形容词副词
形容词副词考点:(1)词义辨析;(2)比较级;(3)多个形容词做定语的次序、位置(前置
/ 后置)
10、主谓一致
主谓一致考点:(1)主语与谓语动词的语法一致;(2)就近原则(either…or / neither…nor / not only …but also等结构中的一致问题);(3)附加原则,主语
+ together / along with / in addition to / as well as / except / besides
/ including等 +
谓语动词结构中的主谓一致问题;(4)整体原则(主语从句、不定式、时间、距离、金钱等词组做主语,通常被视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;(5)有一类词(team / all / some / the rest 等)要根据它在句中实际表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数 |