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历年真题及解析--从句

 

一、名词性从句

名词性从句主要分为四大类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

<一>主语从句

 1.that引导的主语从句

  that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末,在实际应用中我们常常采用it形式主语的形式。

  例句:That he passed the English test is true. 千真万确,他通过了英语考试。

       →It is true that he passed the English test.

 2.形式主语的四个主要句型

 (1)It + be + 名词 + that从句

  例:It is a pity that…可惜的是

  可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question等。

 (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句

  例:It is certain that… 很肯定

 可应用于此句型的形容词还有clear / better / natural / important 等。

 (3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句

  例:It is said that…据说

  可应用于此句型的过去分词还有believed / known / reported等。

 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句

  例:It seems that…好像是

  可应用于此句型的不及物动词还有happen / appear 等。

 3.wh-引导的主语从句

  例句:Where we will go hasn’t been decided. 我们要去哪儿还没定下来。

<二>宾语从句

 1.that引导的宾语从句

  that常用来引导宾语从句,通常that可以省略。

  例句:He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

     他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

  注意:demand、order、suggest、decide等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,that从句常用“(should) + 动词原形”的结构(参考“虚拟语气”部分)。

 2.wh-引导的宾语从句

  例句:I want to know what he has told you.

      我想知道他告诉了你什么。

 3.形容词后面所跟的宾语从句

  某些动态形容词(afraid、confident、aware、certain、sure、doubtful等)在句中做表语时,后面可跟宾语从句。

  例句:I am confident that I can get the job.

      我有信心我可以得到这份工作。

<三>表语从句

 1.that引导的表语从句

  基本结构:主语 + 系动词 + that从句

  例句:The fact is that we have lost the game.

      事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

 2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句

  例句:That is why I tell you the news..

      那就是我为什么告诉你这个消息的原因。

 3.从属连词as if、because、just as等引导的表语从句

  例句:It is because I have ever heard of the story.

      那是因为我曾经听说过这个故事。

<四>同位语从句

同位语从句通常由that引导

  可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。

  例句:The news that we won the game is exciting.

      我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

二、定语从句

<一>引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词

 

关系词

修饰先行词

例句

关系代词

that

/ 物

Do you know the man that / who is talking to my brother?
你认识和我哥哥聊天的那个人吗?

which

The book that / which I borrowed from John is very interesting.
我从John那借来的书很有趣儿。

who

I don’t know the man that / who is waiting for you at the gate.
我不认识在大门口等你的人。

whom

The man that / whom you met in the supermarket is Tom’s father.
你在超市遇见的那个人是Tom的父亲。

whose

/ 物

Do you know the man whose wife is injured in a car accident?
你认识那个在车祸中妻子受伤的人吗?

关系副词

when

时间

I will never forget the day when I met you.
我永远忘不了我遇见你的那一天。

where

地点

That is the school where I have studied for 6 years.
那就是我学习了六年的学校。

how

方式

I have forgot the way how to get to the railway station.
我已经忘了去火车站的路。

why

原因

That is the reason why he didn’t come.
那就是他没来的原因。

<二>that和which引导定语从句的区别

 1.不用that的情况

  (1)在引导非限定性定语从句时

   例句:He can speak English fluently,which impressed me most.

      他的英语讲得很流利,给我留下了深刻印象。

  (2) 介词后不能用

   例句:This is the house in which I have lived for 2 years.

      这就是我居住了两年的房子。

 2.只能用that引导定语从句的情况

  (1)在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, something, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

   例句:There is nothing that we can use.

       这里没什么我们可用的东西。

  (2)先行词有no, the only, the very, some修饰时,只用that。 

   例句:This is the very man that I want to meet.

       这正是我要见的人。

  (3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,只用that。.

   例句:That is the most important thing that I want to know.

      那是我想知道的最重要的事。

三、状语从句

状语从句的分类及各种连词

分类

连词

例句

时间状语从句

 after, before, as soon as, since, when, till, while等

 I was reading when he entered the room.
 当他进来的时候我正在读书。

地点状语从句

 Where, wherever等

 I have put the book where it was.
 我已经把书放在原位了。

原因状语从句

 because, as, since, for等

 I don’t want to go because I am tired of any party.
 我不想去因为我已经厌倦了任何宴会。

条件状语从句

 if, unless, as long as, so long as等

 If you have known the news, please tell me now.
 如果你已经知道了这个消息,请现在告诉我。

让步状语从句

 though,although,however等

 I will not trust you although you have told me the  truth.
 尽管你已经告诉了我真相,我也不会信任你的。

结果状语从句

 so that,so…that…, such…that…等

 He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.
 他跑得如此之快,以至于没人能跟上他。

目的状语从句

 so that, in order that等

 I must leave now so that I can catch the last bus.
 我必须立刻离开以便我能赶上末班车。

方式状语从句

 as, just as, as if, as though等

 We should do as the teacher told us.
 我们应该按照老告诉我们的去做。

比较状语从句

 as…as…, not so…as, than等

 This house is bigger than that one.
 这所房子比那所房子大。

 

历年真题及解析--从句

一、名词性从句

1—I think it is going to be a big problem.

—Yes, it could be.

—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)

 Aif Bhow Cwhat Dthat

  答案C

  真题解析:本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句,而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词,可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分,我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的ifthat,再排除引导方式状语的how,答案是C,句子的意思是我们能就此做些什么

2 ______ is no possibility _______ . Bob can win the first prize I the match. (上海2001)

 AThere; that BIt; what CThere; whether DIt; whether

  答案A

  真题解析:首先确定本句为存现句,因此应该用There be结构;然后从句子的结构和意义两方面分析可知,第二个空需要填一个引导同位语从句的连接词,且possibility为抽象名词,表达了明确的意义,所以用连词that

3A computer can only do _____ you have instructed it to do. ( NMET 2001)

 Ahow Bafter Cwhat Dwhen

  答案C

  真题解析:本题考察名词性从句连接词的使用。从句子结构可知,句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词,做主句谓语动词do的宾语,同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语,因此,此处的连接词应该用what

二、定语从句

4 The famous basketball star, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (北京 2002春季)

 Awhere Bwhen Cwhich Dwho

  答案D

  真题解析:本题考察定语从句关联词的选择,从句意可知先行词the famous basketball star(著名的篮球明星)是人,所以应用表示人的关联词who

5 The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

(NMET 2001)

 Auntil Bthat Cwhen Dwhere

  答案C

  真题解析:本题考察定语从句的连接词,主句中的先行词the hours被其它成分分割,只要考生能够认清真正的先行词,就不难得出答案,the hours表示时间,所以应该选择一个表示时间的关系副词,即when

6_____ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. (NMET 2001)

 AIt BAs CThat Dwhat

  答案B

  真题解析:本题考察as引导非限定性定语从句。as引导从句的意思是正如……..”,引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子,当as在从句中充当主语时,常用下面的结构:as is knowas is saidas is reported
等,所以本题的答案是B

三、状语从句

7 John shut everybody out of the kitchen _____ he could prepare his grand surprise for party. (NMET 2002)

 Awhich  Bwhen Cso that Das if

  答案C

  真题解析:本题考察so that引导目的状语从句。so that意思是以便,整句话的意思是“John把大家关在厨房外,其目的是为了自己能为宴会准备一件让人感到意外的东西。所以正确答案为C

8 The man will have to wait all day _____ the doctor works faster. (京皖蒙2001春季)

 Aif Bunless Cwhether Dthat

  答案B

  真题解析:本题考察unless引导条件状语从句。unless意思是除非,根据句意这个人要等上整整一天,除非医生能够快一些。所以答案选unless

9The WTO can’t live up to its name _____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. (NMET 2000)

 Aas long as   Bwhile   Cif   Deven though

  答案C

  真题解析:本题考察if引导的条件状语从句。句中live up to意思是配得上,对得起,整句话的意思是如果世贸组织不吸收一个拥有世界1/5人口的大国入会,这个组织就配不上她的名称。,因此答案为C

  答案:C A C D C B C B C

 

  近些年,高考语法知识运用部分越来越突出语言交际能力的考查,试题的设置更侧重考查学生的实际水平,主要包括下面五个方面:

一、基础语法知识

  纵观近五年来NMET的语法测试,我们不难总结基础语法的考点分布情况:

语法点

NMET1998

6—25

NMET1999

6—25

NMET2000

6—25

NMET2001

21—25

NMET2002

21—35

主谓一致

-

-

-

-

-

冠词

-

8

10

29

26

代词

8,9

17

16,17,23,24

25

35

连词

7,11,23

21

-

-

22

介词

-

-

-

27

-

动词短语

12

12

22

26

31

情态动词

13

15

15

33

25

时态语态

10,18,20,24

14,16,24

20,25

22,24,30,32

23.29,34

虚拟语气

-

19

-

33

-

非谓语动词

23

21,25

18,19

35

28,32

形容词

6

9

-

-

27

副词

14,16

-

7,11

28,31

-

名词

21

-

-

-

-

动词

17

20

12,19

23

29,34

从句

25

13,18,19

14

22,31,34

24,30,33

交际用语

7,15

6,10

6,9,13

21

21

例题:

1NMET 200229小题(时态)

I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

  A hasn’t written   B doesn’t write   C won’t write   D hadn’t written

答案A

2NMET 200226小题(冠词)

Jumping out of ____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____ exciting experience.

  A 不填; the   B 不填; an   C an; an   D the; the

答案C

3、北京卷 200222小题(从句)

We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _____ other visitors seldom go.

  A what   B which   C where   D when

答案C

二、语法知识的实际应用

  语法知识的实际应用通常是设置一个特定的语言环境,或在口语对话中对基础语法、固定搭配等进行考查。

例题:

1NMET 2002 23题(特定语境中的时态)

 —You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?

 —I’m sorry I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s a pretty on you.

  A wasn’t saying   B don’t say   C won’t say   D didn’t say

  答案D

2NMET 2002 22题(特定语境中的连词)

Excuse me for breaking in, _____ I have some news for you.

  A so   B and   C but   D yet

  答案C

3、北京卷 2002 31题(特定语境中的情态动词)

 —I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.

 —It _____ true because there was little snow there.

  A may not be   B won’t be   C couldn’t be   D mustn’t be

答案C

三、固定搭配和习惯用法

固定搭配和习惯用法通常是指对动词短语、介词短语、动词 + 小品词等的考查。

例题:

1NMET 2002 31题(固定搭配)

We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to ____ it. It might be valuable.

  A hold on to   B keep up with   C turn to   D look after

  答案A

2、北京卷 2002 24题(习惯用语)

It is so nice to hear from her. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago.

  A What’s more  B That is to say  C In other words  D Believe it or not

  答案D

3、北京卷 2002 29题(固定搭配)

His mother had thought it would be good for his character to ____ from home and earn some money on his own.

  A run away   B take away   C keep away   D get away

  答案D

四、词义辨析

  词义辨析通常包括动词、形容词、副词、名词等的辨析。

例题:

1NMET 2002 28题(动词词义辨析)

The taxi driver often reminds passengers to ____ their belongings when they leave the car.

  A keep   B catch   C hold   D take

  答案D

2、北京卷 2002 26题(形容词词义辨析)

All the people _____ at the party were his supporter.

  A present   B thankful   C interested   D important

  答案A

3、上海卷 2002 43题(名词词义辨析)

For the sake of her daughter’s health, she decided to move to a warm ______.

  A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate

  答案D

五、日常交际用语

  我们在中学阶段的口语学习中学习了各种话题,例如问候、感谢、道歉、介绍等,在这些特定的语言环境中通常我们要用比较常用的口语模式进行问答,所以日常交际用语也就成了NMET的一个考点。

例题:

1 NMET 2002 21题(交际用语)

 —I’m taking my driving test tomorrow.

 —______ !

  A Cheers   B Good luck   C Come on   D Congratulations

  答案B

2、北京卷 2002 35题(交际用语)

 —It’s been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much.

 —______.

  A My pleasure   B I’m glad to hear that   C No, thanks   D It’s OK

  答案A

3NMET2002秋季第21

 —I’ve got your invitation.

 —Oh, good. ___ .

  A. Can you come?   B. Thanks a lot.

  C. I’ll take it.   D. May I help you?

  答案A

  通过对上面五个考点的分析,我们可以看出,这五个方面不是孤立的考点,而是相互渗透的,无论测试的重点是哪一方面都离不开其它几个方面的知识,所以我们在做单项填空题时一定要多角度考虑,从而选出最佳答案。

六、本专栏所列语法的主要考点

1、从句

名词性从句考点:1)连词的选择;(2)主句与从句时态的呼应;(3)同位语从句与定语从句的区别;(4wh- wh-ever 的区别;(4that在名词性从句中的省略问题;(5)名词性从句的语序问题

状语从句考点:1)主句与从句的时态呼应问题;(2)连接词的选择(注意区别几组连接词:while / as / when引导时间状语从句;because / since / as / for引导原因状语从句;if / unless引导条件状语从句;so…that / such…that引导结果状语从句等);(3)状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换;(4)状语从句的倒装结构(hardly / scarcely…whenno sooner…than等)

定语从句考点:1)关系词的选择;(2thatwhich的区别;(3)关系词的省略问题;(4)介词在定语从句中位置(介词 + 关系代词);(5as引导的定语从句;(6)定语从句的先行词和关系词当中的插入语

2、代词

代词考点:1)人称代词(形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、人称代词);(2)反身代词(3)指示代词(itthatoneones等的用法);(4)不定代词(不定代词所指代的内容及其单复数;不定代词的否定意义等)

3、动词(情态动词、动词和动词短语、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词)

情态动词考点:1)情态动词的词义辨析;(2)在特定场景中情态动词的选择;(3must / may / might在推测句中的区别;(4should / could / would + have + 动词的过去分词的用法;(5needdare分别做实义动词和助动词的区别

动词和动词短语考点:1)动词和动词词组的词义辨析;(2)动词的固定搭配(动词 + 介词;动词 + 副词——介词和副词的选择)

时态语态考点:1)八种基本时态;(2)主句与从句谓语动词的时态呼应;(3)动词touch / feel / write / sell 等主动表示被动的用法;(4)系动词的用法;(5)延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法

虚拟语气考点:1)虚拟语气主句和从句时态及结构的对应;(2)动词(suggest / require / order / demand等)、名词(suggestion / requirement / order / demand等)、形容词(necessary / important / essential / basic等)的虚拟语气用法;(3“It be ( high / about …) that + 句子结构中的虚拟语气用法;(4wish / hope等引导的虚拟语气;(5as if 的虚拟语气;(6)虚拟语气的倒装

非谓语动词考点:1)非谓语动词的时态、语态;(2)非谓语动词做状语;(3)独立主格结构;(4with复合结构;(5)非谓语动词的逻辑主语;(6)非谓语动词的否定式;(7)现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别

4、交际用语

交际用语考点:1)打电话;(2)询问情况;(3)征求许可与应答;(4)邀请与应答;(5)提供帮助与应答;(6)建议与应答;(7)道歉与应答;(8)问候与应答

5、介词

介词考点:1)动词 + 介词;(2)介词和名词;(3)介词和数词;(4except / except for / except that / besides用法;

6、冠词

冠词考点:1)名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法;(2)固定搭配中的冠词用法

7、名词

名词考点:1)名词的单复数;(2)名词所有格;(3)词义辨析;(4)名词前的冠词;(5)名词的习惯用法;(6)名词做定语的用法

8、强调句型

强调句型考点:it引导的强调句型It be + 被强调部分 + that / who +其它

9、形容词副词

形容词副词考点:1)词义辨析;(2)比较级;(3)多个形容词做定语的次序、位置(前置 / 后置)

10、主谓一致

主谓一致考点:1)主语与谓语动词的语法一致;(2)就近原则(either…or / neither…nor / not only …but also等结构中的一致问题);(3)附加原则,主语 + together / along with / in addition to / as well as / except / besides / including + 谓语动词结构中的主谓一致问题;(4)整体原则(主语从句、不定式、时间、距离、金钱等词组做主语,通常被视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;(5)有一类词(team / all / some / the rest 等)要根据它在句中实际表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数