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（课程代码
0603）
本试卷共8页；满分100分；考试时间为150分钟。全部题目用英语作答。
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总分 |
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题号 |
I |
II |
III |
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核分人 |
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题分 |
20 |
20 |
60 |
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复查人 |
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得分 |
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I.
Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body
paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing
paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you
use are in unity with the passage provided.
Childhood Fears
I remember my childhood
as being generally happy and can recall experiencing some of the most
carefree times of my life. But I can also remember, even more vividly,
moments of being deeply frightened. As a child, I was truly terrified of
the dark, of getting lost, and of not being liked by others. These fears
were very real and caused me some extremely uncomfortable moments.
Maybe it was the strange
way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that scared me
so much. There was never total darkness, but a streetlight or passing car
lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the shape of an unknown
beast. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw that the curtains seemed to move
when there was no breeze. A tiny crack in the floor would sound a hundred
times louder than in the daylight, and my imagination would take over,
creating burglars and monsters. Darkness always made me feel so helpless,
too. My heart would pound, and I would lie very still so that the “enemy”
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Perhaps one of the worst fears I had as a child
was that of not being liked by others. First of all, I was quite shy.
Second, I worried constantly about my book, thinking people wouldn’t like
me because I was too fat or wore braces. I tried to wear the “right”
clothes and even had intense arguments with my mother over the importance
of wearing the “flats” instead of saddle shoes to school. Being popular
was so important to me then, and the fear of no being liked was a powerful
one.
One of the processes of evolving from a child to
an adult is being able to recognize and out grow our fears. I’ve learned
that darkness does not have to take on a life of its own, that others can
help me when I’m lost, and that friendliness and sincerity will encourage
people to like me. Understanding the things that scared us as children
helps us to cope with our lives as adults.
II.
Write an outline (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose
a “sentence outline” for it.
The Changing Workweek
In the early 1900s in
the U.S.A., workers in large industries worked long days and long weeks.
It was not uncommon for workers in the meat-packing companies of Chicago,
for example, to work twelve to fourteen hours, for six or seven days a
week. As unions started exerting their influence, however, the working
conditions of American workers began improving, and the workweek was
gradually shortened. Today, workers have workweek opinions that were
unheard of earlier in the last century.
The
five day workweek has become commonplace in American industries. However,
he four-day workweek is becoming even more popular. Mary workers prefer
four tea-hour days. This gives them longer working days, but it also gives
them three-day weekends, an unheard-of luxury even twenty years ago.
Management isn’t complaining since the same amount of work gets
accomplished, and in some cases a plant can be totally shut down on the
fifth day, saving the company thousands of dollars in utilities.
Another change in the workweek is the variable hours option. While
American workers have traditionally worked either day or night shifts,
some companies are allowing workers to set their own hours within the
workweek. Flexible schedules are becoming more common in metropolitan
areas with commuter-time traffic problems and in industries that are open
around the clock. The advantage to the workers is that they can plan their
hours around the days of their families. For example, a husband who takes
each afternoon off could babysit the children while his wife works. The
variable hours schedule also motivates workers because the company is
letting them control their own time.
A
third change in the workweek over the past twenty years is the use of
overtime. While most workers do not have to work beyond a forty-hour week,
many companies will pay them time and a half to do so. Although this is
more expensive for the company, it is still cheaper than having to hire
additional workers and providing benefits. On traditional nonworking days
such as holidays, workers are often paid double-time or more to work.
Overtime pay allows companies to meet their production needs without
exploiting the workers. It allows workers to make extra money at a higher
rate than they normally work for. Although overtime work often represents
a return to longer working days and weeks, it is done on a voluntary basis
and is usually negotiated willingly by the workers.
What
does the future hold for American workers? As modern technology turns more
and more wok to machines, the typical workweek may continue to shrink.
Some companies have already gone to the thirty-five-hour week, and in the
21st century, the thirty-five-hour week may be standard. Within
twenty years, the great advantage to shorter workweeks is that workers
have more time off to themselves. However, given the financial demands
upon American families in the future, it may also become common for
workers to hold down two full-time jobs at one time. Given the American
work ethic, most workers will probably fill their free time with more work
instead of more leisure.
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III.
Compose an essay (60 points)
Many technological innovations have been
“double-edged swords” with positive and negative effects on society at
large. The automobile is one of such innovations. What do you think is the
overall impact of automobiles on society? Write an expository essay( about
300 words) expressing your views on it.
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