Section I Listening Comprehension,
Part A
You will hear a recording of a conversation between Mary and John about the Hilton Hotel and the Hotel Rossiya. Listen to it and fill out the table with the information you've heard for questions 1-5. Some of the information has been completed for you. Write not more than 3 words in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. Information about the Hilton Hotel and the Hotel Rossiya
　

	The Hilton Hotel		The Hotel Rossiya
Number of Bedrooms		1	3,200
Number of Employees		2	3,000
Number of Restaurants	12			3
Number of Elevators				4
Country of Location	U.S.			5

M: Hi, Mary. How's everything?
W: Fine. You know, John, I'm planning to go to Las Vegas for a holiday and would like to stay in a large hotel. Anything to recommend?
M: Er? the Hilton Hotel there is quite a large one. It has ? er ? 3,174 bedrooms. It also has 12 restaurants and about 125,000 square feet of convention space. There're a 10-acre recreation deck and a stage show dining hall. Over 3,600 people now work for it.
W: Oh, great! Is it the largest hotel in the U.S.?
M: Yes, it is. But it may not be the largest in the world. Er ? as far as I know, the Hotel Rossiya in Moscow is larger than Hilton. It is a 12-story building that has 3,200 rooms. It can provide accommodation for 6,000 guests. It takes nearly 8 years and a half to spend one night in each room. Besides, there's a 21-story "Presidential tower" in the central courtyard. It has 15 restaurants and 93 elevators. And it employs about 3,000 people. The ballroom is known as the world's largest. Russians are not allowed to live in that hotel. And foreigners are charged 16 times more than the very low rate charged Russian officials.
W: It's unbelievable ?[fade out]

Now you will hear the recording again. (The recording is repeated.)

That is the end of Part A.

Part B
You will hear a radio weather forecast. Answer questions 6-10 while listening. Use not more than 5 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 40 seconds to read the questions.

W:　　 Hello. It's been another warm and fine day for most of us. Temperatures in south-east England reached twenty-six degrees Centigrade by mid-afternoon, and Brighton had fifteen hours of lovely sunshine. But already the weather is beginning to change, I'm afraid, and during the night showers will slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach south-west England and the southern coast of Wales by early morning.
The rest of the country will have a very mild, dry night with minimum temperatures no lower than fifteen degrees in the south, a little cooler ? eleven degrees or so ? in the north. Any remaining showers in northwest Scotland will pass quickly, to leave a mild, dry night there too.
And now, the outlook for Friday and the weekend. Well, southern Europe will once again get the best of the weekend weather, and if your holiday starts this weekend, then southern Spain is the place to go, with temperatures of thirty-four degrees along the Mediterranean coast. At the eastern end of the Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted sunshine and temperatures of up to thirty-two degrees Centigrade in Greece and south-east Italy, but further north the weather's not so settled. Much of France, Belgium and the Netherlands will be cloudy with occasional rain and maximum temperatures will be around twenty-two degrees ? very disappointing for this time of the year.
Scotland and Northern Ireland will have heavy rain for much of the weekend and temperatures will drop to a cool seventeen degrees. Across most of England the weather will be cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods. And when the sun does come out temperatures could rise to a maximum of twenty-three degrees.

Now you will hear the recording again. (The recording is repeated.)

That is the end of Part B.

Part C
You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answer. You will hear each piece once only.
Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk introducing Emily Dickinson, a well-known American poet. You now have 30 seconds to read questions 11-13.

11. How long did Emily Dickinson live in the house where she was born?
[A] almost all her life
[B] less than half her life
[C] until 1830
[D] before 1872

12. Which of the following is true of Emily Dickinson?
[A] She was not a productive poet.
[B] She saw many of her poems published.
[C] She was not a sociable person.
[D] She had contact only with a few poets.

13. When was Emily Dickinson widely recognized?
[A] after Henry James referred highly to her
[B] after seven of her poems were published
[C] after her poems became known to others
[D] after she was dead for many years

Tapescript:

M:　　 Emily Dickinson is one of the greatest American poets. She was born in a typical New England village in Massachusetts on December 10, 1830. She was the second child of the family. She died in the same house fifty-six years later. During her life time she never left her native land. She left her home state only once. She left her village very few times. And after 1872 she rarely left her house and yard. In the last years of her life she retreated to a smaller and smaller circle of family and friends. In those later years she dressed in white, avoided strangers, and communicated chiefly through notes and poems even with intimates. The doctor who attended her illness was allowed to "examine" her in another room, seeing her walk by an opened door. She was thought of as a "strange" figure in her home village. When she died on May 15, 1886, she was unknown to the rest of the world. Only seven of her poems had appeared in print.
But to think Emily Dickinson only as a strange figure is a serious mistake. She lived simply and deliberately. She faced the essential facts of life. According to Henry James, a famous American novelist, she was one of those on whom nothing was lost. Only by thus living could Dickinson manage both to fulfill her obligations as a daughter, a sister, and a housekeeper and to write on the average one poem a day.
She read only a few books but knew them deeply. Her poems are simple but remarkably rich. Not until 1950s was she recognized as one of the greatest American poets.

Section II　　 Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET （1）.
During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 per cent. Some countries did not 1 enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not（2） . Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations （3） solutions.
　　 （4） , problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very（5） . It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly （6） workers are needed to（7）and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained, （8） many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the （9） of importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to （10） vocational and professional training. （11） , just to begin training, the students must （12） learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and （13） do not return home.
All nations agree that science and technology （14） be shared. The point is: countries （15） the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully （16） the costs, because many of these costs are （17） . Students from these nations should （18） the problems of the industrialized countries closely. （19） care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology, （20） the benefits.

1. [A]generate [B]raise [C]produce [D]manufacture
2. [A]answered [B]met [C]calculated [D]remembered
3. [A]for [B]without [C]as [D]about
4. [A]Moreover [B]Therefore [C]Anyway [D]However
5. [A]expensive [B]mechanical [C]flourishing [D]complicated
6. [A]gifted [B]skilled [C]trained [D]versatile
7. [A]keep [B]maintain [C]retain [D] protect
8. [A]since [B]so [C]and [D]yet
9. [A]charge [B]price [C]cost [D]value
10. [A]accept [B]gain [C]receive [D]absorb
11. [A]Frequently [B]Incidentally [C]Deliberately [D]Eventually
12. [A]soon [B]quickly [C]immediately [D]first
13. [A]some [B]others [C]several [D]few
14. [A]might [B]should [C]would [D]will
15. [A]adopting [B]conducting [C]receiving [D]adjusting
16. [A]to [B]at [C]on [D]about
17. [A]opaque [B]secret [C]sealed [D]hidden
18. [A]tackle [B]learn [C]study [D]manipulate
19. [A]In [B]Through [C]With [D]Under
20. [A]except [B]nor [C]or [D]but

Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Text 1 

It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: "We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history."
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia ? where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part ? other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the U.S. and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death ? probably by a deadly injection or pill ? to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a "cooling off" period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. "I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks," he says.
1. From the second paragraph we learn that
[A] the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries.
[B] physicians and citizens have the same view on euthanasia.
[C] technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law.
[D] it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed.

2. By saying that "observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling", the author
means that
[A] observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia.
[B] there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the U.S. and Canada.
[C] observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure.
[D] the process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a stop.
3. When Lloyd Nickson is close to death, he will
[A] undergo a cooling off period of seven days.
[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient.
[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering.
[D] face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia.
4. What is the author's attitude towards euthanasia?
[A] Hostile.
[B] Suspicious.
[C] Approving.
[D] Indifferent.
5. We can infer from the text that the author believes the success of the right-to-die
movement is
[A] only a matter of time.
[B] far from certain.
[C] just an illusion.
[D] a shattered hope.

Part B
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 61) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 62) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people ? for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says "I don't like this contract"?
The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 63) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 64) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake ? a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning ? the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl ? is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 65) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

ORAL TEST
Part A
Interlocutor:
1，Good morning/afternoon. Could I have your mark sheets, please? Thank you.
(Hand over the mark sheets to the Assessor)
2，My name is ...and this is my colleague ... He/she is just going to be listening to us. So, you are ... and ...? Thank you.
3，First of all we'd like to know something about you, so I'm going to ask some questions about　　 yourselves.
(Select one or more questions from each of the following categories as appropriate.)

Hometown
1，Where are you from?
2，How long have you lived there?
3，What's it like living there?

Family
· What can you tell me about your family?
Work / Study
· Can you tell me something about your work or studies?
(To a student)
· What do you specialize in?
· What do you enjoy most about your studies?
· What subject(s) do you like best?
· Have you ever worked during the vacation?
· What kind of job did you do?
· How did you like it?
(To an adult who already has a job)
· What job do you do?
· Do you like it? And why?
· What qualifications did you need in order to get your "job"?
Leisure
· Do you have any hobbies?
· How did you become interested in (whatever hobby the candidate enjoys)?
· Which do you prefer, watching TV or going to the cinema? What sort of
program / film do you like to watch?
· What kinds of sports are you interested in? Why?
· What kinds of music do you enjoy most? Why?
· How do you usually spend your holidays?
· Is there anywhere you would particularly like to visit? Why?
Future Plans
· What do you hope to do in your professional life in the next few years?
· How important is English for your future plans? And please give reasons to
support your view.

Part B
Interlocutor:
· Now I'd like you to talk about something between yourselves but speak so that
we can hear you. You should take care to share the opportunity of speaking.
(Put the picture in front of both candidates and give instructions with reference to
the picture.)
· You have a very close friend whose birthday is coming. Discuss each of the
choices shown in the picture and decide which you'd like to choose for
celebrating his birthday. Give reasons for your decision.
· This picture is for your reference.
· You have three minutes for this.
· Would you like to begin now, please?

Part C
Interlocutor:
· I'm going to give each of you a picture and I'd like you to first briefly describe
and then give your comment on what you see in the picture.
(Put Picture 1 in front of both candidates)

· Candidate A, this is your picture. You have three minutes to talk about it.

· Candidate B, listen carefully while Candidate A is speaking. When he/she
has finished, I'd like you to ask him/her a question about what he/she has said.

· Candidate A, would you like to begin now, please?

Candidate A: (three minutes)

Interlocutor:
· Thank you. Now, Candidate B, could you please ask your partner a question?

(Half a minute for asking and answering the question)

(Take back Picture 1 and put Picture 2 in front of both candidates)

· Ok, Candidate B, here is your picture. You also have three minutes to talk about
your picture.

· Candidate A, listen carefully while Candidate B is speaking. When he/she is
finished, I'd like you to ask him/her a question about what he/she has said.

· Candidate B, would you like to begin now, please?

  Picture 2 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Distance

　 
全国公共英语等级考试（第四级）复习辅导
 

一、PETS四级考试的难度和潜在应试者

　　根据《全国公共英语等级考试第四级考试大纲》的描述，PETS第四级是PETS考试五个级别中的中上级，相当于我国非英语专业本科大学毕业生的水平，比我国现行的大学英语四、六级考试的六级的难度略高。它的部分试题难度就是我国现行的普通高等学校非英语专业硕士研究生入学英语考试的水平，不过研究生考试目前不考听力和口语。根据最初设计，PETS四级考试将替代研究生入学的英语考试，至少该考试将依照PETS四级的模式进行改造。　　

二、PETS四级考试题型及特点

　　PETS四级考试和其他级别考试一样分笔试和口试两部分。笔试部分有四种题型，即听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作；口试部分分为三节。下面对这些题型分别介绍——

　　1、听力

　　考虑到了考生以后的学习和工作中对英语的应用，本级要求考生能够听懂英文讲座、学术发言或论证的内容。试题所选材料也大部分来自于现实生活的真实情景，以便使考生通过复习考试培养听懂这些语言材料的能力。在试题形式上看，分A、B、C三节，共占考试总分的30％。A节和B节试题形式在现行的听力考试中是比较新的，它们不仅考查考生理解信息的能力，而且考查他们用听到的信息去完成一定任务的能力。A节要求考生听到对话或独白后填补句子和表格中的空白；B节要求考生根据听到的一段对话或独白回答5道简答题。这里的填空或简答类似与四、六级考试中的简答题，而四、六级考试中的简答题是通过阅读理解实现的。C节要考生听三段对话或独白，然后做选择题，这类题也就是通常考试中的听力理解题。

　　无论做哪一类听力试题，最重要的一条就是做题之前首先浏览试题。这样做不仅可以了解答题要求，还可以通过问题内的若干信息判断听力材料的话题范围，以便调动自己在该方面的知识积累，更迅速地作出判断。

　　2、语言知识运用

　　该部分就是通常所说的完型填空题，共设20道选择题。它的分数占整个考试分数的10％，考查内容有词汇（12－15道小题）、语法和篇章结构（5－8道小题）。词汇题重点考查的是在规范语言中词的搭配和用法，篇章结构考查句子层次以上语言成分的辨识和理解能力，这类题常考一些标志意义转折、顺承以及原因、结果、举例、顺序、总结等的副词和连词。由于PETS四级是中高级别的考试，所以它不把专门考查语法作为整个考试的一项，而是通过其他题型要求考生对基本语法结构达到运用自如。

　　3、阅读理解

　　阅读理解也分为A、B两节。A节要求考生阅读4篇文章，然后做四选一的选择题。本节与研究生入学英语考试的阅读理解题从形式上看没有区别，但这里的阅读材料的现实性和专业性都更突出。从问题特点上看，考查文章主旨大意、作者观点、态度、进行引申、推理和判断的题以及利用上下文判断特定句子和词的意义的试题占绝大部分。B节为翻译题，和研究生入学英语考试的翻译题一样，这里也要求考生先阅读一篇文章，然后将文章内的一些句子译为汉语，本节兼考翻译能力和理解的准确性。

　　4、写作

　　PETS四级写作题与研究生入学考试的作文是一个模式。该部分要求考生根据提示信息（中文／英文）写出一篇160－200词（标点符号不计算在内）的短文。提示的信息有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图表等。此类作文一般是引出一个话题让应试者谈自己的看法。对于规定情景题、图表题，考生应知道将试题提供的信息作为表达自己观点的材料，用一到两句话引出话题然后直接提出自己的观点（全文的主题句），再分一到三个段落来论证自己的观点。每一段的起始部分应先写出该段的主要意思（段主题句），最好用上能标志层次与顺序的副词，最后可以重申主题句来作出结论。需要注意的是由于文章有字数限制，每一段都应做到简洁。

　　5、口试

　　和其他级别的口试一样，PETS四级的口试试题也分为A、B、C三节。A节为口试教师和考生的交流，这里由两个口试教师中的一个分别向两个考生就考生个人情况，家庭、工作、学习等方面提问；B节为两个考生之间的交流，这里要求两个考生对提供的图片交换信息和看法，也就是开展对话；C节要求考生就某一问题（提供图片等信息），陈述自己的观点并加以论证，然后由另一考生根据他的陈述提问，事实上这就是论文答辩，这也是硕士研究生上课的主要方式。　　

三、复习资料的准备

　　最近有部分读者来信反映说他们很想参加全国公共英语等级考试，需要一些必备的复习资料，希望我们推荐复习教材。对此我可以就我所了解的情况简单介绍一下。公共英语等级考试为水平考试不指定专门教材，凡是与某一级试题水平相当的教材都可以使用。教育部考试中心编写的各级考试大纲是考试的重要复习依据。