下面是一些经常用于短文开头和结尾的短语和句式，每一种都可根据不同内容灵活运用。平时应有意多积累一些这样的习惯表达法，并逐步学会用于自己的短文写作中，以迅速提高书面表达能力。

(一)常用于开头的短语、句式
( Phrases and Sentences Used to Start an Essay )
1．With the(rapidly)growing popularity of(computers/private cars/Jazz/football/basket ball/golf/tennis/classical music/pianos/American rock'n'roll/disco/frozen
food/fast food/coca cola/coffee/telephones/mobile phones/house interior decoration/horticulture/going abroad to study/traveling/beauty salons/insurance/credit cards/
second job/supermarkets/pets)inChina，the quality of our lives have been considerablychanged.

2. With the(rapid)growth of(our economy/population/private enterprises/light industry/housing industry,)many problems such as(water shortages, traffic jams and
industrial pollution/waste of energy, lack of professionals and chaotic management)are beginning to surface .

3. With the development of(science and technology/market economy,/electronics industry/women liberation movement/high education)more and more people come to
realize that ...

4. Currently, there is a widespread concern over(illegal publication/drug abuse/alcohol abuse/drunk driving/high school dropouts/teenage pregnancy/corruption of civil
servants/state owned companies in deficit/unemployment/high criminal rate/high inflation rate/sexual discrimination/smoking/children with a single parent/traffic
accidents/fake products/pornography/disregard of public properties/grain production/environmental pollution/acid rains/wildlife extinction/children abuse/food shortage/
water shortage/excessive use of chemical fertilizers/traffic jam/rapid urbanization/overpopulation/tax frauds/fire hazards around us/waste of food/waste of energy/
negative influence of western cultures/violence/decrease of farmland).

5. Currently, there is a serious concern that(many state owned companies are in deficit.../quite a few Chinese cities face the problems of water shortages, industrial
pollution and waste of energy).

6. The government is/We are seriously concerned with(overpopulation/high inflation rate/drug abuse.)

7. In the last two decades/In the past tell years, millions of(private enterprises/supermarkets/beauty salons/fast food restaurants/garages/private
schools)have mushroomed all over China.

8. In recent years, many Chinese families have owned(cars/telephones/video cameras/computers...)

9. Nowadays, a heated debate/discussion about... is under way in China. Some people believe that .... whereas others argue that...

10. There are some reasons for owning(private cars/personal computers). To begin with .... Next .... Last .... There are, on the other hand, many reasons against
it. First .... Second .... Finally ....

11. There are many advantages and :disadvantages in(owning a car)

12. Now an increasing number of people come to realize that..

13. There is no doubt that...

14. There are some basic differences between(the large and small enterprises)In the small enterprise you .... In the large enterprise you...

15. There are various/at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods)to do something.

16. Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for two reasons. The first reason is that... The second reason is that... (On the one hand
.... On the other hand .... )

17. The possible solutions of(the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend an three factors...

18. Thetwo major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth/the widespread of fake products)are ...

19. Different people have different attitudes towards ... Some are in favor of ...
while others are against ...

20. When it comes to(private cars/trade protection/abortion/human right/urbanization/market economy/recycling/banning fireworks etc,)most people believe that
...; but other people argue that...

(二)常用于结尾的短语、句式
(Phrases and Sentences Used to End an Essay)
在结尾段中还可以考虑下面的表达方法(如进行预见，提出建议，做出评议，发出号召或指出解决方法等)

1. It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to

2. To conclude, we can see that(the best way/the possible solution)is...

3. In short,(shortage of water, decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution)are the major problems to be solved to(increase grain production.)

4. In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to ....

5. In a word, there are three suggestions we must follow, only in this way can we (achieve a great success).

6. It is time for us to take an active part in...

7. Let us work hand in hand to(solve these social problems.)

8. It goes without saying that ....

9. I wont to(be a teacher/do sth)not only because... but also because...

10. Who is to say that(you will not be the victim of fake products again and again/our scientists may not provide a better theory)