新华网联合国9月22日电 中国国务院总理温家宝当地时间22日在联合国千年发展目标高级别会议上发表讲话,全文如下:
为实现千年发展目标而奋斗
——在联合国千年发展目标高级别会议上的讲话
中华人民共和国国务院总理温家宝
(2010年9月22日纽约)
主席先生,各位同事:
十年前,就是在这间庄严肃穆的大厅里,召开了联合国千年首脑会议,各国领导人向全世界立下誓言,一定要使每一个人实现发展权,并使全人类免于饥饿和贫困。千年峰会吹响了消除全球贫困的号角,成为推动人类共同发展的里程碑。
弹指一挥间,十年过去了。在国际社会的共同努力下,大批遭受饥饿的人们基本解决了温饱,众多因贫困而失学的儿童走进了梦寐以求的校园,越来越多艾滋病患者得到社会关爱和及时救治。同时也要看到,千年发展目标在不同地区和领域的落实还不平衡,许多国家在改善妇幼健康、实现男女平等和保护生态环境等方面进展不明显,不少发展中国家受到国际金融危机、自然灾害和粮食、能源市场波动的严重冲击,全球饥饿人口又有新的增加,实现千年发展目标依然任重道远。
中国始终积极响应联合国的倡议,为实现千年发展目标作出了不懈的努力。1978年以来,中国绝对贫困人口减少两亿多人,占发展中国家减贫人数的75%。我们注重从制度上保障和改善民生,在全国城乡实行9年免费义务教育,对8亿农民实行新型农村合作医疗,启动新型农村社会养老保险试点,低收入群体就业、子女入学、居住条件等问题也都得到很大改善。
我们清醒地认识到,中国人口多、底子薄,发展不平衡,目前还不富裕,人均GDP位居世界100位左右,发展经济、改善民生的任务还很重。按中国政府现行扶贫标准,还有数以千万计的贫困人口。我们正在制定国民经济和社会发展“十二五”规划、新十年扶贫开发纲要,扶贫开发力度将进一步加大。我们坚信,千年发展目标在中国大地上一定能够如期实现。
扶危济困、守望相助是中华民族的传统美德。新中国成立60多年来,我们一直本着国际主义和人道主义精神,竭尽所能向发展中国家提供形式多样、真诚无私的援助,促进了发展中国家的经济发展和民生改善,加深了中国与广大发展中国家的友谊,树立了南南合作的典范。今后,中国政府将进一步加强和改进援外工作,为全人类早日实现千年发展目标做出应有的贡献。
第一,推动发展中国家民生事业发展。这是中国对外援助的首要目标。迄今为止,中国为发展中国家援建了150多所学校、近百所医院、70多项饮水设施、60多个体育场馆;向近70个国家派遣了医疗队,累计派出两万多名医务人员,治愈了数以亿计的患者。今后五年,中国将再为发展中国家建设200所学校;派遣3000名医疗专家,培养5000名医务人员,为100所医院提供医疗器械、药品等,重点用于妇幼卫生及防治疟疾、结核、艾滋病等疾病;援建200个清洁能源和环保项目;加强对小岛屿发展中国家防灾减灾的援助,帮助他们提高应对气候变化能力。我愿在此宣布,今后三年内,中国将向全球艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金捐款1400万美元。
第二,减免最不发达国家债务负担。截至2009年底,中国政府免除了50个重债穷国和最不发达国家的256亿元人民币债务。中国将进一步免除这些国家2010年到期未还的政府无息贷款。
第三,深化与发展中国家的金融合作。为帮助发展中国家应对国际金融危机,中国已向非洲国家提供100亿美元的优惠贷款,向越南、柬埔寨、老挝、印尼等东盟国家提供150亿美元信贷支持;还向国际货币基金组织增资500亿美元,明确要求将资金优先用于最不发达国家。今后中国将继续向发展中国家提供一定规模的优惠贷款和优惠出口买方信贷融资支持。
第四,拓展与发展中国家的经贸关系。中国坚持通过减免关税等多种途径,为发展中国家对华出口各类产品创造条件。中国已经承诺逐步给予有关最不发达国家95%税目的产品零关税待遇。从2010年7月起,中国已对33个最不发达国家的4700多个税目的输华产品实施零关税,优惠范围已包括这些国家绝大多数对华出口商品。今后,我们还将继续扩大输华零关税产品范围和受惠国家范围,并鼓励国内企业扩大对发展中国家的投资。
第五,加强与发展中国家的农业合作。中国在发展中国家已建成200多个农业合作项目,派出大批农业技术专家,有力地推动了当地农业发展。今后五年,中国将再派遣3000名农业专家和技术人员,提供5000个来华农业培训名额,并重点加强在农业规划、杂交水稻、水产养殖、农田水利、农业机械等方面的合作。
第六,帮助发展中国家开发人力资源。中国已经为发展中国家举办了4000多期培训班,培训了12万名各类管理和技术人才,为受援国积累了比黄金更为珍贵的人力资源。今后五年,中国将为发展中国家再培训8万名各类人员。同时,将增加发展中国家来华留学奖学金名额和在职人员硕士学历教育名额,并为3000名校长和教师提供来华培训机会。
今年7月以来,巴基斯坦遭受严重洪灾,造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。作为友好邻邦,中国人民感同身受。为支持巴基斯坦抗击洪灾、重建家园,中国已提供了3.2亿元人民币的人道主义援助,并向巴灾区派出救援队。我愿借此机会宣布,在已有援助的基础上,中国将再提供2亿美元的无偿援助。
主席先生,各位同事:
未来五年是实施千年发展目标的关键阶段。国际社会应增强紧迫感和责任感,携手共进,扎实工作。
——明确工作重点。联合国要把推动千年发展目标如期实现作为首要议题,确保这一目标不受其他议题的干扰和延误。国际社会要把帮助非洲发展和脱贫作为主攻方向,加大对最不发达国家的扶持力度。发展中国家要把通过发展消除贫困作为中心任务,不断提高自我发展能力。
——兑现官方承诺。拿出一个面包比开一张空头支票更有用。发达国家要切实履行自己的诺言,承担起援助发展中国家的主要责任,尽快将官方发展援助占国民收入的比重提高到千分之七,向发展中国家提供长期、稳定、可预期的资金援助,援助应当是无私的和不附加任何条件的。
——健全实施机制。制度是实现千年发展目标的重要保障。应继续发挥联合国在国际发展合作领域的核心作用。尽快建立千年发展目标评估机制。国际多边机构应加强与地区多边组织的协调与合作,形成扶贫开发的合力。
——维护和平环境。没有国家的长治久安,就难有人民的安居乐业;没有世界的和平稳定,就难有人类的发展进步。国家之间、民族之间都应摒弃前嫌,化干戈为玉帛,以和平手段解决纷争。
主席先生,各位同事:
《千年宣言》的发表,使全世界在贫困中煎熬的人们看到了曙光。这是人类的希望之光,良知之光,仁爱之光。今天我们在这里重新相聚,就是要让这一光明普照全球,温暖每一个生活在贫困中的人。此时此刻,无数双充满期待的眼睛,正在从非洲大陆,从亚洲和拉美,从世界仍在饥饿和贫困笼罩下的地方默默注视着我们。我们没有理由让他们失望。让我们以更加积极的姿态、更加精诚的合作,为如期实现千年发展目标、促进全人类的发展和进步而努力奋斗!
UNITED NATIONS - Aiming to bolster the global fight against poverty, China Wednesday announced new measures to fulfill its own development goals as well as help those in developing countries.
Despite notable efforts made by China in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), China will continue to strengthen its efforts to ensure fulfillment of the MDGs by 2015, said Premier Wen Jiabao Wednesday in the UN high-level plenary meeting on MDGs.
Yet he noted there are challenges in meeting the goals due to regional imbalance.
According to Wen, the next five years is critical in fulfilling the MDGs, and the global community should put its emphasize on helping Africa shake off poverty.
He also urged the developed countries to honor their promises as to help developing countries.
Wen also announced new measures to be taken by China to honor its commitment in helping other developing countries. China will:
-- build 200 schools for developing countries, dispatch 3,000 medical experts, and train 5,000 medical personnel for them.
-- provide medical equipments and medicine to 100 hospitals, and help build 200 clean energy and environment protection programs. It will also donate US$14 million to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.
-- reduce and cancel debt for poor countries, and continue to provide preferential loans and credit support for developing countries.
-- expand the scope of products and countries which enjoys zero-tariff toChina, and encourage domestic firms to invest in developing countries.
-- strengthen agriculture cooperation with developing countries in the next 5 years, dispatching 3,000 agriculture experts and technicians to those countries, and invite 5,000 agricultural personnel to come to China for training.
-- train 80,000 personnel for developing countries in the next 5 years, and increase the number of people who can enjoy scholarship to study in China, and provide training for 3,000 headmasters and teachers.
According to statistics of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, China has accomplished the objectives of halving the population stricken by poverty and hunger, popularizing elementary education and reducing child mortality earlier than schedule.
Earlier, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon noted China's success in reducing poverty, saying it could serve as an example for many other countries while he met with Wen Jiabao Wednesday afternoon.
The Secretary-General expressed his appreciation for China's contributions to various UN peacekeeping operations, and sought China's further support in Sudan, Liberia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
They also exchanged views on climate change and the upcoming UN Climate Change Conference in Cancun, Mexico, from November 29 to December 10.
On the same day, Wen also attended a UN panel discussing ways to facilitate anti-AIDS efforts as part of the global drive to meet the MDGs.
On the sideline of the Summit, Wen attended a ceremony together with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Administrator Helen Clark for the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on strengthening cooperation between China and UNDP.
The MoU reviews a good partnership between China and UNDP, and reaffirms the commitments made by UNDP in the China/UNDP Country Program (2011-2015) to further providing development assistance to China and continuing its cooperation with China in the areas of poverty eradication, environment and sustainable development, gender equality and other areas.
Zhou Yiping, Director of the Special Unit for South-South Cooperation at the UN told China Daily: "Many developing countries have collected successful lessons from achieving the MDGs in the past years, and they developed innovations which their peers can borrow and adopt in their MDGs implementation. And these innovations are exactly what least developed countries need."
South-South Cooperation is trying to establish a bridge for countries of the Global South to exchange of resources, technology, and knowledge between developing countries to achieve the development goals together, he said.
Wen's visit shows that China has been showing full support to the work of the UN. This is the third consecutive year that top Chinese officials have made headline appearances at major UN conferences and Wen's second participation in UN meetings at the UN headquarters since 2008. Chinese President Hu Jintao also attended UN conferences last year.
Wen will address the general debate of the 65th session of the UN General Assembly on Thursday.