average sound bite had shrunk to 8 seconds. thus，politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible.
campaigning politicians also use 30-'second"i v ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages.republican presidential candidate john mccain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the” straight-talk express".mocking hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth—whether it’s in fashion or not.democratic presidential candidate hillary clinton，on the other hand，has chosen the campaign slogan” let the conversation begin".she hopes it will help her appear open—minded and friendly.
but one—liners，tv ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient： something commonly called political” spin".brooks jackson，a former journalist and the current director of the non—partisan(无党派的)website fact check.org，calls spin” just a polite word for deception(欺骗)."
"i do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin."said jackson.
"strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency：they ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong."
31. which statement is not true of one-liners?
a.they are unclear.
b. they contain a lot of information
c.they lack substance.
d.they are carefully constructed.
32 what changed from 1968 to 1996?
a. publicity.
b. information.
c. communication.
d. the average sound bite.
33. the campaign slogan "straight-talk express" aims at convincing voters that the presidential candidate is
a. honest.
b. friendly.
c. open-minded.
d. warm-hearted.
34. according to brooks jackson, all campaign slogans are
a. attractive.
b. impressive.
c. deceptive.
d. informative.
35. which statement best describes strong partisans?
a .they are very funny.
b .they are very healthy.
c .they are very aggressive.
d .they are very stubborn (顽固的).
第二篇a tale of scottish rural life来源：
lewis grassic gibbon's sunset song (1932) was voted "the best scottish novel of all time" by scotland's reading public in 2005. once considered shocking for its frankdescription of aspects of the lives of scotland's poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, tv and radio in recent decades.
the novel is set on the fictional estate of kin addie, in the farming country of the scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond world war i. at its heart is the story of chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.
grassic gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of hisheroine (女主人公). we watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel buthard-working father; experience tragedy (her mother's suicide and murder of her twinchildren); and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. we see her marrylose her h
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