Full Text: Report on the Work of the Government (2012)

十一届全国人大五次会议5日上午9时在北京人民大会堂开幕，国务院总理温家宝向大会作政府工作报告。以下为报告实录：

（七）促进文化大发展大繁荣

文化是人类的精神家园，优秀文化传承是一个民族生生不息的血脉。要提供优质丰富的文化产品，不断满足人民群众的精神文化需求。深入推进社会主义核心价值体系建设。加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德和个人品德教育，做好青少年思想道德教育工作，努力形成知荣辱、讲正气、守诚信、作奉献、促和谐的良好风尚。大力发展公益性文化事业。以农村和中西部地区为重点，加强基层文化设施建设。

推动哲学社会科学繁荣发展，积极发展新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术和档案事业。加强文化遗产保护，繁荣发展少数民族文化事业。深化文化体制改革，继续推动经营性文化单位转企改制。提高文化产业规模化、集约化、专业化水平，推动文化产业成为国民经济支柱性产业。深入开展对外人文交流，促进中外文化相互借鉴。广泛开展全民健身活动，增强人民体质，促进体育事业和体育产业协调发展。中华文化具有强大的向心力和震撼力，当代中华儿女一定要肩负起弘扬中华文化的历史重任。

（八）深入推进重点领域改革

改革开放是决定中国前途命运的正确抉择。必须按照科学发展观要求，尊重群众首创精神，大胆探索，以更大决心和勇气继续全面推进经济体制、政治体制等各项改革，破解发展难题。

当前和今后一段时期，改革的重点领域和关键环节是：进一步转变政府职能，完善宏观调控体系，理顺政府与市场的关系，更好地发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用；推进财税体制改革，理顺中央与地方及地方各级政府间财政分配关系，更好地调动中央和地方两个积极性；深化土地、户籍、公共服务改革，理顺城市与农村的关系，推动工业化、城镇化和农业现代化协调发展；推进社会事业、收入分配等改革，理顺经济与社会发展的关系，有效保障社会公平正义；推进依法行政和社会管理创新，理顺政府与公民和社会组织的关系，建设服务、责任、法治、廉洁政府。

今年改革的重点任务是：

深化财税金融体制改革。完善分税制，健全转移支付制度，提高一般性转移支付规模和比例。完善县级基本财力保障机制。稳步推进地方财政预算、决算公开。深化国库集中收付、政府采购及国债管理制度改革。健全消费税制度。全面深化资源税改革，扩大从价计征范围。深入推进国有控股大型金融机构改革，规范发展小型金融机构，健全服务小型微型企业和“三农”的体制机制。

推动实施银行业新监管标准。推进建立存款保险制度。深化政策性金融机构改革。健全完善新股发行制度和退市制度，强化投资者回报和权益保护。积极发展债券市场。推进保险业改革发展。深化利率市场化改革。稳步推进人民币资本项目可兑换，扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。

推动多种所有制经济共同发展。毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。深入推进国有经济战略性调整，完善国有资本有进有退、合理流动机制。研究推进铁路、电力等行业改革。完善和落实促进非公有制经济发展的各项政策措施，打破垄断，放宽准入，鼓励民间资本进入铁路、市政、金融、能源、电信、教育、医疗等领域，营造各类所有制经济公平竞争、共同发展的环境。

深化价格改革。稳妥推进电价改革，实施居民阶梯电价改革方案，完善水电、核电及可再生能源定价机制。逐步理顺煤电价格关系。完善成品油价格改革，推进天然气价格改革。实行最严格的水资源管理制度，合理制定和调整各地水资源费征收标准，推进农业水价综合改革。开展碳排放和排污权交易试点。

深化收入分配制度改革。抓紧制定收入分配体制改革总体方案。努力提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。完善工资制度，建立工资正常增长机制，稳步提高最低工资标准。创造条件增加居民财产性收入。建立公共资源出让收益的全民共享机制。加大对高收入者的税收调节力度，严格规范国有企业、金融机构高管人员薪酬管理，扩大中等收入者比重，提高低收入者的收入，促进机会公平。规范收入分配秩序，有效保护合法收入，坚决取缔非法收入，尽快扭转收入差距扩大的趋势。

积极稳妥推进事业单位分类改革。科学划分事业单位类别，分类指导、分业推进、分级组织、分步实施，深化事业单位管理体制和人事、收入分配、社会保障制度改革。

加快推进政府改革。扩大社会主义民主，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权。全面贯彻依法治国基本方略，尊重和维护宪法和法律的权威，严格依法行政，坚决纠正有法不依、执法不严、违法不究、粗暴执法、渎职失职和执法腐败等行为。

加强廉政建设，深入开展反腐败斗争，扎实推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设的各项长期性、基础性工作，着力解决人民群众反映强烈的突出问题。严格依法设定、实施、清理、规范行政审批事项。严禁领导干部插手政府采购、工程招标、土地矿业权拍卖等经济活动。严格执行领导干部廉洁从政各项规定。加强行政监督、民主监督、舆论监督。坚决查处各类违纪违法案件，严厉惩治腐败分子。

7. Promoting the great development and flourishing of culture

Culture gives human beings a sense of belonging, and passing on fine culture is essential in maintaining the everlasting vitality of a nation. We will provide a large quantity of high-quality cultural products to meet people's demand for culture. We will intensively promote development of the system of core socialist values. We will strengthen education with regard to social codes of conduct, professional ethics, family virtues, and individual integrity. We will educate children and young people about values and strive to create a social atmosphere that promotes morality, integrity, dedication, and harmony. We will vigorously promote nonprofit cultural services and strengthen cultural infrastructure in communities, particularly in rural areas and the central and western regions.

We will promote the flourishing of philosophy and the social sciences, and actively develop the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature, art, and archives. We will better protect our cultural heritage and foster the flourishing of ethnic minority cultures. We will deepen reform of the cultural system and continue to transform for-profit cultural institutions into enterprises. We will make the cultural industry larger, more intensive, and more specialized; and turn it into a pillar of the economy. We will intensify cultural and people-to-people exchanges with other countries so that we learn from each other's strengths. We will extensively carry out public fitness activities to make the people healthier, and promote the balanced development of sports activities and the sports industry. Chinese culture is highly cohesive and inspiring, and we Chinese today must shoulder the historic duty of advancing it.

8. Deepening reforms in key areas

Reform and opening up are the right choice we made for China's destiny and future. We must respect the people's creativity; boldly explore new ways; continue to promote all reforms, including the reform of China's economic and political systems, with greater resolve and courage; and solve complex issues in development in line with the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development.

Now and for some time to come, reform will be focused on the following key areas and crucial links. We will further transform government functions, improve macro-controls, balance the relationship between government and the market, and make better use of the basic role of the market in allocating resources. We will advance reform of the fiscal and taxation systems, better balance the distribution of fiscal resources between the central and local governments and between all levels of local governments, and better arouse the initiative of both the central and local governments. We will deepen reforms of land, household registration and public services; balance the relationship between urban and rural areas; and promote coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. We will carry forward reforms in social programs and income distribution, strike a balance between economic and social development, and effectively safeguard social fairness and justice. We will run the government in accordance with the law and promote innovation in social administration, properly handle the relationship among the government, citizens and social organizations, and build a service-oriented, responsible, law-based and clean government.

The major tasks for reform this year are as follows:

We will deepen reform of the fiscal, taxation and financial systems. We will improve the revenue-sharing system and the system of transfer payments, and increase the scale and proportion of general transfer payments. We will improve the mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments, and make the budgets and final accounts of local governments more transparent. We will deepen reform of the systems for treasury's centralized revenue collection and expenditure payments, government procurement, and central government debt management. We will improve the excise tax system, comprehensively deepen the reform of resource taxes, and set taxes on more commodities on the basis of their prices. We will thoroughly carry out reform of large financial institutions in which the state holds the controlling stake, ensure orderly development of small financial institutions, and improve the systems and mechanisms that serve small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas and farmers.

We will implement new oversight and supervision standards for the banking industry, work toward establishing a deposit insurance system, and deepen the reform of policy-based financial institutions. We will improve both initial public offerings and delistings, and ensure better protection of returns on investors' money and their rights and interests. We will actively develop the bond market, accelerate reform and development of the insurance industry, and make interest rates more market based. We will work steadily to make the RMB convertible under capital accounts and expand the use of RMB in cross-border trade and investment.

We will promote the common development of economic entities under diverse forms of ownership. We will unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector and encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector. We will thoroughly carry out strategic adjustment of the state sector, and improve the mechanism for increasing investment of state capital in some sectors while reducing it in others to ensure its sound flow. We will promote reform of the railway and power industries. We will improve and implement policies and measures for developing the non-public sector; break up monopolies and relax restrictions on market access; encourage nongovernmental investment in railways, public utilities, finance, energy, telecommunications, education, and medical care; and create a fair environment in which economic entities under all forms of ownership can compete and develop together.

We will deepen price reforms. We will prudently carry out reform of electricity prices by implementing progressive pricing for household electricity consumption and improving pricing mechanisms for nuclear power, hydropower, and power generated from other renewable energy sources. We will make the price of electricity better reflect the price of coal. We will reform the prices of refined oil products and proceed with the price reform of natural gas. We will impose the strictest control over water resources, rationally set and adjust water resource fees in different localities, and carry out integrated price reform of water used for agricultural purposes. We will start trials of trading carbon emissions and the cap-and-trade scheme for pollution rights.

We will deepen reform of the income distribution system. We will promptly formulate a master plan for reforming the income distribution system, strive to raise the proportion of individual income in national income, and raise the proportion of remuneration in the primary distribution. We will improve the salary system, put in place a mechanism for regular salary increases, and steadily raise the minimum wage. We will create conditions to increase people's income from property. We will establish a mechanism whereby the public share the proceeds from the sale of public resources. We will take further steps to adjust taxes for high-income groups, strictly standardize supervision of pay and bonuses for senior management in state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, expand the proportion of middle-income groups, raise the incomes of low-income groups, and promote equal opportunity. We will ensure that income distribution is governed by proper standards, effectively protect lawful income, and resolutely ban illegal income. We will quickly reverse the trend of a widening income gap.

We will actively yet prudently carry out reform of public institutions based on their classification. We will classify public institutions scientifically, provide targeted guidance to each class, and phase in reforms sector by sector, level by level, and step by step to deepen reform of the systems of management, personnel, income distribution, and social security for public institutions.

We will accelerate government reform. We will expand socialist democracy; conduct democratic election, decision making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law; and protect people's rights to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee government affairs. We will implement the basic strategy of enforcing the law in both letter and spirit, respect and uphold the sanctity of the Constitution and laws, and govern in strict accordance with the law. We will resolutely rectify the problems of laws not being abided by or fully enforced, lawbreakers not being prosecuted, uncivilized law enforcement, dereliction and neglect of duty, and corrupt practices in law enforcement.

We will work harder to build clean government. To do so, we will fight corruption, effectively carry out the long-term and basic work needed to improve the system of preventing and punishing corruption, and give high priority to solving serious problems that the people are resentful about. We will identify, handle, review and standardize matters subject to administrative approval in strict accordance with the law. Leading officials are strictly forbidden to interfere in economic activities such as government procurement, project tendering and the auctioning of land-use and mining rights. We will strictly implement all regulations which require leading officials to uphold integrity in the performance of their official duties. We will strengthen administrative and democratic oversight and oversight through public opinion, resolutely investigate and prosecute violations of the law or discipline, and severely punish corruptionists.