Full Text: Report on the Work of the Government (2012)

十一届全国人大五次会议5日上午9时在北京人民大会堂开幕，国务院总理温家宝向大会作政府工作报告。以下为报告实录：

（六）切实保障和改善民生

实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益是以人为本理念的具体体现。要把保障和改善民生作为政府工作的重要任务。

千方百计扩大就业。就业是关系国家发展和人民福祉的大事。今年就业压力仍然很大，各级政府务必坚持就业优先战略，继续实施更加积极的就业政策。重点扶持就业容量大的现代服务业、创新型科技企业和小型微型企业，创造更多就业岗位。鼓励以创业带动就业。抓好高校毕业生、农民工和城镇就业困难人员就业，加强退役军人技能培训与就业安置工作。

鼓励高校毕业生投身农村、基层、中西部地区建设。加强职业培训和公共就业服务工作。加快建立健全统一规范灵活的人力资源市场。积极构建和谐劳动关系，加强对劳务派遣的规范管理，开展劳动关系争议排查，加强劳动监察和调解仲裁，维护劳动者合法权益。

加快完善社会保障体系。今年年底前实现新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度全覆盖。扩大各项社会保险覆盖面。增加企业退休人员基本养老金。加强城乡低保和社会救助工作，加快发展社会福利事业和慈善事业。加强各项社会保障制度衔接。多渠道增加社会保障基金，加强社会保险基金、社会保障基金投资监管，实现保值增值。加强社保服务能力建设，有条件的地方可对各类社保经办机构进行整合归并，有些服务可委托银行、商业保险机构代办。加快全国统一的社会保障卡发放。

大力推进医药卫生事业改革发展。加快健全全民医保体系，巩固扩大基本医保覆盖面，提高基本医疗保障水平和管理服务水平。城镇居民医保和新农合补助标准提高到每人每年240元。全面推开尿毒症等8类大病保障，将肺癌等12类大病纳入保障和救助试点范围。巩固完善基本药物制度，加强基层医疗卫生服务体系建设。

推进公立医院改革，实行医药分开、管办分开，破除以药补医机制。鼓励引导社会资本办医，加快形成对外开放的多元办医格局。充分调动医务工作者积极性，建立和谐的医患关系。加强公共卫生服务，预防控制严重威胁群众健康的重大传染病、慢性病、职业病。加强药品安全工作。扶持和促进中医药和民族医药事业发展。

全面做好人口和计划生育工作。继续稳定低生育水平，综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题，提高出生人口质量。加快实现计划生育优质服务全覆盖，将免费孕前优生健康检查试点范围扩大到60%的县（市、区）。提高农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助、特殊扶助标准。加强流动人口计划生育服务管理。

做好妇女儿童工作，扩大农村妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费检查覆盖面，提高妇女儿童发展和权益保障水平。进一步完善残疾人社会保障体系和服务体系。积极发展老龄事业，加快建设社会养老服务体系，努力让城乡老年人都老有所养，幸福安度晚年。

继续搞好房地产市场调控和保障性安居工程建设。严格执行并逐步完善抑制投机、投资性需求的政策措施，进一步巩固调控成果，促进房价合理回归。继续推进保障性安居工程建设，在确保质量的前提下，基本建成500万套，新开工700万套以上。抓紧完善保障性住房建设、分配、管理、退出等制度。采取有效措施，增加普通商品住房供给。加快建设城镇住房信息系统，改革房地产税收制度，促进房地产市场长期平稳健康发展。

加强和创新社会管理。加强社会矛盾化解、社会管理创新、公正廉洁执法。强化政府社会管理和公共服务职能。提高城乡基层群众性自治组织的自治能力。积极稳妥推进户籍管理制度改革，推动实行居住证制度，为流动人口提供更好服务。以信息共享、互联互通为重点，加快建设国家电子政务网。大力推进政务诚信、商务诚信、社会诚信建设，构建覆盖全社会的征信系统。

加强和改进互联网管理，营造健康的网络环境。健全重大决策社会稳定风险评估机制和突发事件应急管理机制。实施安全发展战略，加强安全生产监管，防止重特大事故发生。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品行动。增强食品安全监管能力，提高食品安全水平。加强和改进信访工作。加强法律服务和法律援助。严密防范和依法打击违法犯罪活动，保障人民群众生命财产安全。

6. Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing

Putting people first is about realizing, upholding, and promoting their fundamental interests. We will make ensuring and improving their wellbeing an important task in the work of the government.

We will make every effort to increase employment. Employment is of great importance to China's development and the people's wellbeing. We will continue to face great employment pressure this year, and governments at all levels must continue to follow the strategy of giving top priority to employment and more actively implement employment policies. We will give high priority to supporting service industries, innovative high-tech enterprises, and small and micro businesses that employ large numbers of people so as to create more jobs. We will encourage the creation of new businesses to stimulate employment. We will help college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents having difficulty finding jobs find employment, and strengthen technical training for ex-soldiers and help them find jobs and settle down.

We will encourage college graduates to pursue careers in rural areas, local communities and the central and western regions. We will strengthen vocational training and public employment services. We will accelerate development of a sound, unified, standardized, and flexible human resources market. We will promote harmonious labor relations, increase supervision of labor dispatch, settle labor relations disputes, and intensify supervision, mediation, and arbitration of labor disputes to protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees.

We will accelerate improvements to the social security system. By the end of the year, we will have achieved full coverage of the new old-age pension system for rural residents and the old-age pension system for non-working urban residents. We will expand coverage of all types of social insurance. We will raise the basic pension for enterprise retirees. We will increase urban and rural subsistence allowances and social aid, and accelerate development of social welfare programs and charities. We will better coordinate all aspects of the social safety net. We will increase the social security fund through a variety of channels, and strengthen oversight and supervision of investment from the social insurance fund and social security fund to increase their value. We will strengthen capacity building for social security services, allow localities where conditions permit to integrate and merge social security agencies, and entrust some services to banks or commercial insurance institutions. We will accelerate the work of introducing all-in-one national social security cards.

We will vigorously promote the development and reform of medical and healthcare services. We will move faster to improve the medical insurance system covering the whole population, consolidate and expand the coverage of basic medical insurance, and enhance our capability to provide and manage basic medical services. We will raise subsidies for medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 240 yuan per person per year. We will fully introduce social insurance against uraemia and seven other major diseases and include lung cancer and 11 other major diseases in the pilot program to provide insurance and aid for their treatment. We will consolidate and improve the system for basic drugs and improve the community-level medical and health care system.

We will push forward reform of public hospitals, so that medical care is separated from pharmacy operations, government management is separated from hospital operations, and the practice of using pharmacy profits to subsidize medical services is ended. We will encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in hospitals, and speed up the creation of a system of hospitals with diversified ownership that is open to foreign participation. We will boost the morale of medical workers and build harmonious relations between doctors and patients. We will improve public health services and prevent and control major communicable, chronic and occupational diseases that pose a major health hazard. We will tighten control over drug safety. We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the medical practices of ethnic minorities.

We will comprehensively carry out work relating to population and family planning. We will continue to keep the birthrate low, redress gender imbalance through various means, and improve the health of infants. We will achieve full coverage of quality family planning services more quickly than planned and extend the trial program of free pre-pregnancy checkups to 60% of China's counties and county-level cities and districts. We will increase the rewards and special assistance to the rural families that observe the state's family planning policy. We will increase family planning services to the floating population and improve management of such services.

We will do our work related to women and children well. We will extend free cervical cancer and breast cancer screening to more rural women, improve the wellbeing of women and children and better guarantee their rights and interests. We will further improve the social security system and the system of services for people with disabilities. We will actively develop programs for the elderly and accelerate development of a system of social services for urban and rural seniors so they can live their later years in contentment.

We will continue to regulate the real estate market and develop low-income housing. We will strictly implement and gradually improve policies and measures for discouraging speculative or investment-driven housing demand, build on progress made in regulating the real estate market, and bring property prices down to a reasonable level. We will continue to develop low-income housing, and basically complete five million units and start construction on over seven million units, ensuring they are built to a high standard. We will work speedily to improve the system for constructing, allocating, managing, and recalling low-income housing units. We will take effective measures to increase supply of regular commodity housing. We will accelerate development of an urban housing information system and reform the real estate tax system to promote long-term, steady, and sound growth of the real estate market.

We will strengthen and make innovations in social administration. We will work hard to resolve social conflicts, make innovations in social administration, and enforce the law impartially and with integrity. We will strengthen government functions for conducting social administration and providing public services. We will strengthen the self-governing capabilities of rural and urban community self-governing organizations. We will get social organizations to play an active role in social administration. We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the household registration system, implement the residence permit system, and provide better services to the floating population. We will accelerate the development of a national e-government network, with the focus on sharing information and achieving national interconnectivity. We will vigorously give impetus to government, business, and public integrity, and create a credit information system for the whole society.

We will strengthen and improve management of the Internet and foster a healthy cyberspace environment. We will improve the mechanism for assessing risks major policy decisions may pose for social stability and the mechanism for managing responses to emergencies. We will implement the strategy of ensuring safety in development, tighten oversight over workplace safety, and prevent the occurrence of serious and major accidents. We will carry out an intense crackdown on violations of intellectual property rights and the manufacture and sale of counterfeit or substandard goods. We will enhance our food safety oversight capability and raise the level of food safety. We will strengthen and improve the handling of public complaints made through letters and visits and improve the mechanism whereby the masses express appeals concerning matters affecting their interests. We will strengthen legal services and assistance. We will be on high alert for and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property.