【真题测试】passage 1

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years， enhanced by chronic （长久的） personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.

Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture， and the opportunity to learn a second language.

When applying for a job， one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae （CV）。 The two terms generally mean the same thing： a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However， guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate （公司） culture， the country culture， and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.

● “Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of ‘cross-border’ job hunting， just stating the title of your degree will not bean adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.”

●Pay attention to the resume format you use-chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your ‘oldest’ work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines， the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.”

●If you are submitting your resume in English， find out if the recipient （收件人） uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example， university education is often referred to as ‘tertiary education’ in the United Kingdom， but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.

21. Companies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.

A） they find foreign employees are usually more talented

B） they need original ideas from employees hired overseas

C） they want to expand their business beyond home borders

D） they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home

22. The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.

A） is usually creative and full of initiative

B） aims to improve his foreign language skills

C） is dissatisfied with his own life at home

D） seeks either his own or his children’s development

23. When it comes to resume writing， it is best to ________.

A） take cultural factors into consideration

B） learn about the company’s hiring process

C） follow appropriate guidelines for job hunting

D） know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes

24. When writing about qualifications， applicants are advised to ________.

A） stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker

B） give the title of the university degree they have earned at home

C） provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences

D） highlight their keen interest in pursuing a ‘cross-border’ career

25. According to the author’s last piece of advice， the applicants should be aware of ________.

A） the different educational systems in the US and the UK

B） the differences between the varieties of English

C） the recipient’s preference with regard to the format

D） the distinctive features of American and British cultures
【文章分析】

这篇文章结构清晰，每段的主旨思想十分明确。

第一段主要讲述公司为何要跨国寻求人才，因为国内的人才匮乏。

第二段主要讲述个人为何要跨国求职，原因是多种多样的，包括为自己充电，为自己寻求需要承担更多责任的职位，让孩子接触不同的文化，自己学习一门外语等等。

第三段主要讲述求职者如何写简历，着重指出要关注文化因素，包括公司文化，国家文化，个人在做决策和雇佣的决定时所涉及的文化等等。

第三段又展开分成三个小点来阐述。第一点讲的是教育背景和资质方面，要求不能泛泛地写个学位或职位名称，要有具体的描述。

第二点讲的是简历的格式，一般有顺时和逆时两种，多数用的是逆时写法。

第三点讲的是简历中要注意英语的变体，要知道收件人用的是用英式英语还是美式英语，或者其他的英语变体。

【重点词汇】

1.soar： （vi.）剧增，上升，The number of the people who traveled by air soared to millions.

2.submit： （vt.）呈递，I have submitted the motion to the House of Commons. （vi.）服从，屈从，I will submit to nobody.

3.embrace： （vt.）包含，An encyclopedia embraces a great number of subjects. （vt.）拥抱，He embraced his daughter tenderly.

4.differ from： 区别于，That arrangement differs from the one I had in mind. 有分歧，I differ from her on this question

【试题解析】

21. D

分析：文章第一段中原文“enhanced by chronic （长久的） personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent”，即长期的人才匮乏使得公司去海外寻找人才。

22.D

分析：本题可以用排除法来做。文章第二段中第一句话“Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons.”（个人寻找去海外工作的机会的原因多种多样），然后整个第二段列举了这些可能的原因，其中就包括了选项中的A（encourages creativity and initiative）、B（opportunity to learn a second language），C（want a position with more responsibility）这三个选项是并列选项，肯定不能同时选，所以排除掉。排除了A、B、C之后，再来看D选项，D选项意为求职者为了寻求自己或孩子的发展机遇，符合题意，A、B、C项都是为了自己的发展，第二段“expose their children to another culture”这句话则是为了孩子的发展，所以两方面都有涉及，因此是正确答案。

23.A

分析：原文第三段提到“The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding thecorporate （公司） culture， the country culture， and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document.”即最好的（写简历的）办法是适应各种文化，包括公司文化，国家文化，以及个人在做决策和雇佣的决定时所涉及的文化因素。而且还进一步说明，这种适应各种文化因素的挑战性在于要把两种或多种文化结合在一份简历里。由此，可以得出，这段想要强调的内容就是写简历要把文化因素考虑进去，即A选项。

24.C

分析：原文中提到要“Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.”即提供有关个人学习和相关经验的具体情况，与答案C相符。

25.B

分析：原文最后一段提到“find out if therecipient （收件人） uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions.”即要搞清楚收件人是使用英式英语还是美式英语，因为英语有不同的变体。

【阅读技巧】

定位原文，解剖句子

带着题干中的关键词迅速回原文定位，即找出这个问题出现在原文的第几段第几行。由于四级出题顺序高度一致，所以一定要在文章当中找到出处，而且除了主旨态度题以外，基本上所有的题目都可以在原文中找到出处。

【真题测试】passage 2

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual territory for economists， but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics， with its emphasis onincentives （激励）， provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.

Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family： girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-theprophecy （预言） becomes self-fulfilling， trapping women in a viciouscircle （恶性循环） of neglect.

An educated mother， on the other hand， has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children， ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls， as well as of boys， will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.

Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously， there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments， but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices， including family planning.

26. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is ________.

A） troublesome

B） labor-saving

C） rewarding

D） expensive

27. By saying “。.. the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling.。.” （Lines 45， Para. 2）。 the author means that ________.

A） girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys

B） girls will be capable of realizing their own dreams

C） girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reach

D） girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home

28. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when ________.

A） women care more about education

B） girls can gain equal access to education

C） a family has fewer but healthier children

D） parents can afford their daughters’ education

29. What does the author say about women’s education？

A） It deserves greater attention than other social issues.

B） It is now given top priority in many developing countries.

C） It will yield greater returns than other known investments.

D） It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.

30. The passage mainly discusses ________.

A） unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countries

B） the potential earning power of well-educated women

C） the major contributions of educated women to society

D） the economic and social benefits of educating women
【文章分析】

文章共有四段，第一段总起介绍了本文的内容，介绍了在发展中国家，对女孩子教育的投资可能比起其他的投资要有更高的回报率；女性教育的问题已经引起了经济学家的关注，并从经济刺激角度来分析女性教育的问题。

第二段承接第一段最后一句话，从经济角度分析，为什么女孩子会被剥夺受教育的机会，因为发展中国家的家长认为女孩子的价值要比男孩子少，因此造成了恶性循环。

第三段也是从经济角度来分析，受过教育的女性会有更强的挣钱能力，也会做出不同的选择，让自己的子女接受同等的教育，从而改变上述的恶性循环。

第四段总结上文，指出受过教育的女性不仅对社会有很大益处，对经济也有巨大的好处。

【重点词汇】

1.yield： （vt.） 产出，收益，These apple trees yield plenty of fruit this year. （vi.）屈服，投降，We will never yield to invaders. （vt.）放弃，He was forced to yield the castle.

2.fail： （vi.）失败，He failed in everything he tried. （vi.） （指健康）衰退，His hearing is failing. （vt.）不能，He did very well， but failed to break the record.

3.impact： （n.）影响，作用，（have/make impact on） The book made a great impact on its readers. （vi.）产生影响，It is obvious how bad movies will impact on children.

【试题分析】

26. 答案C

原文第一段第一句话“Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world.”（在发展中国家，对女孩子教育的投资可能比起其他的投资要有更高的回报率。）答案A、B、D的意思分别为麻烦的、省力的和昂贵的。只有答案C，rewarding的意思是有回报的，与原文意思相同。

27. 答案A

原文第二段“Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy （预言） becomes self-fulfilling， trapping women in a vicious circle （恶性循环） of neglect.”（女孩的价值似乎要比男孩少。女孩子只能在家里做做家务，而男孩子则可以去上学因为男孩子要自食其力，这就使得女孩子陷入了这种被忽视的恶性循环。）这句话和选项A是一致的，因此答案为A。

28. 答案B

题干在原文第三段的最后一句话，这句话是对第三段的总结。而整个第三段是总分总的结构，第一句话“An educated mother， on the other hand， has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices.”（另一方面，受过教育的母亲在家外会有更强的挣钱能力，而且会做出完全不同的选择。）则是对整段内容的总起句，与总结句“The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.”（这样，恶性循环就会转变为良性循环）相呼应。因此，本题的答案B“girls can gain equal access to education”（女孩能得到公平的教育）为正确选项。

29. 答案C

本题的答案也可以在原文第一段第一句话中找到。“Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world.”（在发展中国家，对女孩子教育的投资可能比起其他的投资要有更高的回报率。）

30. 答案D

本题的答案是通过全文的综合分析得到的。但在文章的最后一段第一句话也可以分析得出“Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well.”（有人会认为受过教育的女性对社会有很大益处，同时，她们对经济也有巨大的益处。）这是一句承上启下的句子，既是对上文内容的总结，又是对下文内容的总起。又由于这是全文的最后一段，因此这句句子也是对全文内容的一个总结。

【阅读技巧】

四级阅读中的文章有点类似于古代的八股文，都是有一定的套路的，只要摸清套路，阅读起来就会事半功倍。这个套路就是：文章的重点信息一般包含在段落的首末句，主题内容一般是包含在首段和末段。首末句可能就是段落内容的概括句。而首段和末段则是整篇文章的导语和总结。所以看文章时，着重看一下首末段和首末句。
【真题测试】passage 3

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Speeding off in a stolen car， the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser （锁止器）， and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off， he will not be able to start it again.

The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone， a micro-processor and memory， and a GPS （全球定位系统） satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen， a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.

In the UK， a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. ‘The pattern of vehicle crime has changed，’ says Martyn Randall， a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car， using a bareminimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.

Modern cars are far tougher to steal， as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition （点火） key. In the UK， technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.

But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars， often by getting bold of the owner’s keys. And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.

If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID， the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.

Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing， and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movements via the car’s GPS unit.

31. What’s the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car？

A） To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.

B） To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen.

C） To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.

D） To prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car owner.

32. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed” （Lines 1-2. Para. 3）， Martyn Randall suggests that ________.

A） it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing

B） self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft

C） the thief has to make use of computer technology

D） the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old

33. What is essential in making a modem car tougher to steal？

A） A coded ignition key.

B） A unique ID card.

C） A special cellphone signal.

D） A GPS satellite positioning receiver.

34. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations centre？

A） To leave time for the operations centre to give an alarm.

B） To keep police informed of the car’s movements.

C） To give the driver time to contact the operations centre.

D） To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.

35. What will the operations centre do first after receiving an alarm？

A） Start the tracking system.

B） Contact the car owner.

C） Block the car engine.

D） Locate the missing car.
【文章分析】

第一段：首先描摹了偷车贼偷车后的一个场景，然后引出锁止器的作用

第二段：具体说明锁止器的工作原理。

第三段：装有高科技防盗设备的现代车迫使偷车贼的老伎俩不管用了。

第四段：第一句说明为什么装有高科技防盗设备的现代车的防盗性能更强，第二句则是说明这个优势的结果，即与车相关的犯罪率的下降。

第五段：偷车贼的其他花招。

第六段：系统中的100米的确认距离及其产生的原因。

第七段：报警后的操作过程。
【重点词汇】

1. be in for： 免不了遭受，必定遭到，Bankers could be in for another public stoning.

2. be fitted with： 安装，装备，The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.

3. ensure： （vt.）保证，担保，I can‘t ensure that he will be there on time.

4. allow： （vt.）允许，Swimming is not allowed at this beach. 给予，提供，Their teacher allowed them three days for the assignment.

5. be responsible for： 对……负责，Another committee be responsible for rescue efforts and medical assistance 。

【试题分析】

31. C

分析：原文第一段第二句话“The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser （锁止器）， and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off， he will not be able to start it again.”（配有远程锁止器的车辆，远在数公里以外的控制中心可以通过无线电信号遥控车辆的引擎，使其无法再次启动。），这句话就明确指出了远程锁止器的作用，即锁定车辆使其无法再次启动，与答案C吻合。选项A的意思是让警察可以意外抓获偷车贼；选项B的意思是一旦车子被偷，车子会自动上锁；选项D的意思是防止偷车贼给车主发出无线电信号；这些选项都与原文的意思有很大出入，可以明确排除。

32. B

分析：根据题干的信息，定位原文，即第三段。第三段的内容主要是说现在的车子配有高科技的设备，这使得偷车贼的日子更难过了。因为，“The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”偷车贼的作案方式发生了改变。原来只需要带上几件简单的工具，然后师傅带徒弟那样，用个几分钟就能把徒弟教会怎么偷车，而现在不行了，因为这种传统的偷车方式只能适合于车龄10年以上的老车（新车都装有高科技的防盗设备）。对应选项来逐一分析，选项A指出，偷车贼要花更多的时间来偷车；选项B说偷车贼自带的工具不再有用：选项C的意思是窃贼要会电脑技术；选项D说明偷车贼对10年以上的车子不感兴趣；从前面段落意思的梳理可以首先排除A和D，原文根本没有提到这两个意思；原文说现在的车子都装有高科技的防盗设备，也就是说老一套的偷车技术不管用了，但是没有提到说偷车贼要会电脑技术，所以C也是不正确的；只有B才符合题意。

33. A

分析：原文第四段第一句话“Modern cars are far tougher to steal， as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by theignition （点火） key.”（ 现代的车子防盗做得更好，因为它们的引擎管理电脑系统只在接收到一个独一无二的由点火器发送过来的身份密码后才允许启动汽车。）先从句子结构角度来分析，这句话的前半句是主句，后半句由as引导的部分是原因从句，所以as后面的内容就是本题的答案。再来分析as后的这句从句，又可以分成“their engine management computer won’t allow them to start”的主句成分，和unless后面跟着的条件从句，而这个条件就是本题的关键点，即“a unique ID code beamed out by theignition （点火） key.”。这里，可能会在选项A和选项B之间犹豫，那么我们再从选项着手分析。A指的是带有密码的点火器；B的意思是独一无二的密码卡；原文虽然提到了独一无二的密码，但是没有说过是card，而选项A的关键词都在原文中出现了，因此可以确定选择A为正确答案。

34. D

分析：原文倒数第二段的第二句话“The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.”（这一百米的最小距离是为了防止由于GPS定位不精确而造成的误报），与选项D的意思完全一致，即允许GPS系统有可能的错误。

35. B

分析：最后一段“Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing”（控制中心的工作人员会和车主确认车子是否确实被偷），与题意相符。再来看其他选项，根据全文的阅读，这三个选项的确都容易产生混淆，选项A的意思是启动跟踪系统，C的意思是锁定汽车引擎，D的意思是定位失车。要想作对这道题，就充分说明了仔细阅读题干的重要性，题干“What will the operations centre do first after receiving an alarm？”（控制中心在接到报警后会首先做什么？）选项A是在报警前发生的动作，选项C、D是在报警后，但都要晚于和车主确认，因此可以排除A、C、D，正确答案为B。