1. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage –--a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed (畸形) children or even grandchildren.

问题是很难明确辐射的伤害—一个人可能感觉良好，但他(她)的性器官细胞可能受到损伤，而且有些直到生下畸形儿甚至是畸形孙儿才会被发现。

 

2. In the end , only 7 out of 19 regular Cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all for trails. The diet-Cola drinkers did a little worse – only 7 of 27 identified all four sample correctly. 

最后，只有7/19的传统可乐爱好者正确地辨别出了他们的品牌，而低糖可乐爱好者水平更差—只有7/27的人辩出了四种混合的品牌。

 

3. Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. 

口味是个非常主观的问题，所以对于食物我们一般不进行偏好测试。

 

4. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. 

区分周围的环境或者有机物体，以及分辨作用于有机物的影响力是生物内部的还是来自于外部环境的，看起来非常简单。

 

5. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the orgainism and vice versa

但是在实际中这套系统在很多方面失败了，因为有机物和环境在不断相互作用，所以环境在不断被有机物修改，反过来也是一样。

 

6. In the case of man, the difficulties with the environment concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer(持有者) of culture. 

对于人类来说，环境概念的问题更加复杂。因为我们不得不把人类当为动物，又不得不把人当为文化的持有者来对待。

 

7. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors.

如果我们将人类看作动物来尝试解释作用在有机物上的环境影响力的话，我们不得不处理像气候，土壤，植物和一些对于所有生物环境来说共同的因素，但我们也发现，“文化”的影响也非常重大，它可以改变物理和生物因素。

 

8. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment. 

所以我们很容易在对待文化的问题上陷入困境，有时候，我们将其看作人类的一部分，有时候，又作为环境的一部分。

 

9. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. 

因为不了解这些你那里他们的能力已经进步了，他们认为在这个方面新一代的年轻人肯定没有希望了。

 

10 Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generation phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today's young people, it natrually follows that today's English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.

既然这种关于英语语言的衰退的担忧并不被看作一个一代人的现象，而是特指对于今天的年轻人的一种新现象，所以可以很自然地认为现在的英语老师工作做得不好。

11. With socialists demanding an end to‘wage slavery’anarchists singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite, middle-of-the-roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire.

社会主义者强烈要求结束“薪水奴隶制”，而无政府主义者高唱“炸药”的价值，像Samuel和McGuire这样的中间道路者显得相对温和。

 

12. The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmaker’s respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger.

“劳动日”很快被采纳，更大程度上表明国家法律制定者害怕激起工人阶级的愤怒，并非体现对工人阶级的尊重。

 

13. In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member.

在过去，孩子们对出生和死亡非常熟悉，是他们生活的一部分。现在的孩子也许是从未目睹婴儿的降生和亲人的死亡的第一代美国人。

 

14. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death.

我们发现那些被公开坦诚地对待的病人在对待死亡的临近和接受死亡的问题上处理得更好。

 

15. The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change through life.

我们采取的身份是随着接触的人的不同而改变，且一生都在变化。

16. This means that we fit out actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation.

这意味着我们在不断判断和解释别人的行为的心理过程中进行自己的行为。

 

17. I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure.

我要不断地将梦想付诸实际的测试—尽管这意味着不确定和对失败的恐惧。

 

18. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words…”

一切尝试对多话的小孩的发展追踪从他们说的第一句话开始……

 

19. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made to them by other people.”

这种自我模仿使他们故意模仿别人对他们说话的声音。

 

20. Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.

外部奖励，从热情洋溢的话语表扬到冷冰冰的现金，如何影响一个人的动机和创造力，对这一点，心理学家们采取完全不同的观点。

21. But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.

但是如果对绩效差的业绩也进行奖励或者让人们对奖励有太多的预期，是很容易抹杀创造性的。

 

22. The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant.

冰箱对环境的影响是显而易见的，而它对促进人们幸福的贡献却是微不足道的。

 

23. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.

装载正确的软件来使它智能化可能要花费我们很长的时间，或者也可以改变它的结构，但同样的情况也会发生。

 

24. As the intelligence of robots increase to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers.

由于机器人的智能增长到了人脑的程度，加上通过规模经济降低了生产成本，我们可以使用它们来拓展前沿。

 

25. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.

在将来，通过新一代人创造的财富和科技，建设一座可以容纳千百万人的人造大型太空站也是可以的。

 

26. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations.

后来，人们试着把建筑物从其基地上撑起来，在建筑物和地基间灌入橡胶和钢铁以减少地表震动的影响。

 

27. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

如果他们对于自己吹捧的东西不认真对待也不去执行的话，他们的孩子将在糊里糊涂中长大，并且当他们对自己进行一些思考的时候，他们会在情感上有不安全感并认为他们遭受了某种程度的欺骗。

 

28. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.

因为所有这些原因，要进行有效读报的话，既要得到你需要的信息又不浪费时间，需要选择和应用良好的阅读技能和自我了解。

 

29. “In Japan, a most competitive society with stronger discipline than ours.” Says Isaac Stern. “children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music.”

“在日本，是一个比我们更有纪律性和竞争性的社会。”Isaac Stern说。“孩子们每天都准备在各个领域内冲刺极限，包括音乐。”

 

30. What does the phrase ‘learning to use a computer’ mean? It sounds like ‘learning to drive a car’; that is , it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.

“学习使用计算机”这个短语是什么意思呢?听起来像是“学习驾驶汽车”也就是说，好象里面有一套确定的技能，一旦获得，就会使用计算机了。

 

31. The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildings——these are still common sights in parts of England.

在英格兰的某些地方，依然能够见到狭谷中环绕着教堂的茅草屋组成的小村庄，驾车穿过村庄里狭窄的街道时两旁是刷成了白色或者紫色的茅草小屋，从绵延的山顶上能看见美丽的茅草农场建筑。

 

32. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.

竞争的价值不仅在其本身，通过竞争这种方式，其他的诸如个人自由，公平机会和勤奋劳动等美国价值观得以实现。

 

33. The function of teaching is to cerate the conations and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read.

教育的功能是创造学习的欲望和气氛，使孩子们能够设计出一种最有效的方式来自学阅读。

 

34. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

如果老师创造出一种环境，使孩子们能够通过阅读来解决阅读的问题的话，学习阅读就变的简单多了。

 

35. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.

这种干扰的来源还没有被确定，专家们指出可能是由于各种移动电子设备引起的，例如笔记本电脑，随身听和手机。

 

36. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.

尽管有些航空公司禁止旅客在飞机起飞和降落的时候使用这些装备，考虑到许多旅客希望在飞行时工作，大多数公司还是不愿意全面禁止。

 

37. The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relation or PR.

跨国公司，全球市场营销，新兴通讯技术和文化融合的发展，使全球公共关系或者说PR得到了不平行的发展。

 

38. The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness.

公元前三千年的一个婴儿所发出的呱呱声到今天的婴儿的呱呱声的进步，并不能算是一种发明。

 

39. Bent stripes, called chevrons painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.

喷刷在马路上的弯曲的人字型条纹,使司机们觉得他们驾驶的速度比实际的快,因此司机会减速行驶。

 

40. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west.

因此, DDB Needham的任务就是鼓励消费者考虑火车的其他好处来改变他们的态度,使西方乘坐火车的可能性提高。

 

41. These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences.

这些广告被放置在面向家庭的与自然和美国有关的电视节目里面,以便最有效的接触到目标观众。

 

42. Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition-a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.

为什么奶油比黄油坏的快呢?已有些研究者认为他们找到了答案,这与食物的结构有关,而不是它的化学成分—这一发现使得有些化学处理保存食物的方法无效了。

 

43. If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.

研究者们认为：如果国际足球裁判组织FIFA想要在下一届世界杯比赛中提高评判水平的话，就应该远距离观察比赛，而不是冲进球场光盯着足球。

 

44. While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states at least in getting people off welfare.

还在初级阶段的时候，福利改革在很多国家就是一个成功了—至少它使许多人摆脱了对福利的依靠。

 

45. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.

但是对许多人来说，穷人们在没有政府的援助下自己养活自己本身就是一个巨大的胜利。

 

46. Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general.

美国人对于多元化和个人个性感到骄傲，因此他们更加喜欢和看重的不是制服，不管是一个电梯操作员的制服还是五星上将的制服。

 

47. Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.

由于我们是社会动物，我们的生活质量在很大程度上取决于我们的人际关系。

 

48. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support——financial aid, material resources, and needed services-that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

最后，其他的人给我们提供物质性支持—经济援助，物质资料和必需服务—通过帮助我们处理问题来减轻我们的压力。

 

49. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn’t care if you have values or were flexible.

我就上了这样的大学，自以为比那些在工程“工厂”里的学生有更大的优势，在那里根本每人管里是否有价值观和灵活。

 

50. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.

回收也能够通过创造就业机会来刺激本地经济，治理污染，通过给企业提供更加精练的原材料达到减少能源消耗的目的。