作者：SIGNE DEAN | 来源：sciencealert

 

There's no simple answer to what constitutes 'smart'. These days, we're inclined to think you can't go by intelligence quotient (IQ) results alone, because while these tests are great for measuring separate mental faculties, an IQ number doesn't seem to predict overall intelligence accurately enough.

“聪明”的组成要素是什么？该问题没有简单的答案。如今，我们倾向于认为不能单一靠智商测试结果来判断，因为这些测验只适用于测试独立的心智能力，IQ值目测无法精确地预测整体智力。

Then there is also a measurement called general intelligence or 'g factor'. It was first described by English psychologist Charles Spearman in 1904, and refers to the phenomenon that children who tend to do well at one subject also tend to excel at others; in simple terms, there is a positive correlation between kids' performance in unrelated school tests, which is referred to as a 'positive manifold'.

有种测量方法叫作“一般智力（general intelligence）”或称“g因素”。其最先由英国心理学家查尔斯·斯皮尔曼在1904年提出——指的是在一个学科上表现很好的儿童在其它科目上也可以超过其他人；简而言之，在无关联的各种学校测验中，孩子们在这些测试中的表现是相互联系的，被看成是一种“正极相关”（positive manifold'）。

Another commonly cited and prestigious comparison system is PISA, which measures "the competencies of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematics, and science (with a focus on mathematics) in 65 countries and economies", representing more than 80 percent of the world economy.

另一个常被人提到、富有盛名的比较系统是PISA（国际学生能力评估计划），PISA测试“65个国家和经济体中15岁青少年在阅读、数学和科学（以数学为中心）方面的能力”，受全球80%以上经济体的认可。

According to the latest PISA from 2012, Shanghai-China students are the highest performers across the board, with above OECD-average scores in mathematics, reading, and science. You'll also find super-smart kids in Singapore, Hong Kong-China, Japan, Korea, and Finland.

根据2012年国际学生能力评估计划（PISA）最新数据显示，中国上海的学生成绩全球最高，在数学、阅读和科学方面得分超过经济合作发展组织（OECD）的平均水平。新加坡、中国香港、日本、朝鲜和芬兰也有超级聪明的孩子。