【题目】

中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）和大妈（dama）都是老词，但是已获取了新的意义。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或者喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄精的中国妇女。土豪和大妈可能会被人收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典，至今已有约120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典，成为了英语语言的一部分。

 

【翻译】

The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and Dama, for example, are both old words, but they get different meanings now.

 

The word Tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money without limits or those showing off all around. That is to say, Tuhao owns money rather than taste. The word Dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.

 

Tuhao and Dada may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, about 120Chinese words have been listed in it and became part of the English language.

 

【题目】

最近，中国科学院（Chinese Academy of Sciences ）出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告、高技术发展报告、中国可持续发展战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破，该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域。如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。

 

【翻译】

Chinese Academy of Science recently published an annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The report consists of three parts: science development, more advanced technology development and the sustainable strategy of China. The first one includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the break through in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science. For example, the 3－dimension print and the study of artificial organs. The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction.

 

【题目】

每种文化都有自己的行为准则，中国也不例外。在中国，跟别人打招呼时，你或者点个头，或者微微鞠个躬。握手也很常见，但你要等到中国朋友先伸手才可以。另外，与西方社会的做法截然相反，中国人不太喜欢被陌生人触碰。所以不 要轻易地触碰别人，除非你完全有这样的必要。最后一点，根据儒家思想 （Confiscator）的观点，老人在任何情况下都应该受到年轻人的尊敬。你应该总是以老人为先，并对他们表本最大的敬意。

 

【翻译】

Every culture has its rules on how to act, and Chinese no different. In China, to greet someone, you nod your head, or you bow slightly. Handshakes are also common, but you should wait for your Chinese partner to initiate the motion. In addition，as opposed to those found in Western society，Chinese people do not enjoy being touched by strangers. Don‘t touch someone unless you absolutely have to.Finally, from the perspective of Confucianism， the elders are to be respected in every situation by those who are younger.You should always acknowledge the elders first, and show the most respect to them.

 

【讲解】

1.行为准则：有多种译法，如rules on how to act, rules of conduct或standard of behavior.

2.中国也不例外：可译为China is no different或China is no exception.

3.打招呼：即greet.

4.截然相反：可译为as opposed to.

5.在任何情况下：可使用短语in every situation表达。

6.以老人为先：可译为acknowledge the elders first.