【解析】

1.第1句中的定语“来自意大利的”可作后置定语，译为coming from Italy，但直接用介词短语from Italy更简单地道。

 

2.第3句中的“他在中国游历17年”可理解为“他花了17年在中国游历”，故可套用句型spend （time/money）in doing sth.。经过仔细分析可发现，“访问了中国的许多城市”算是游历中国的伴随动作，故用现在分词短语 visiting many cities around it 来表达。

 

3.第4句中的“写下了《马可。波罗游记》”可看作是“与他人合作”的结果。翮译时，把“与他人合作”(cooperate with others)译作谓语，“写下了《马可。波罗游记》”(to write a book named The Travels of Marco Polo)译作结果状语。此处要增译a book来具体指出。

 

4.最后一句中的“激起他们对东方文明的兴趣”可处理成与“受到欢迎”并列的结构，译作and aroused their interests in Eastern cultures，但将其处理成表结果的状语，即用现在分词短语arousing their interests in Eastern cultures来表达，句子的层次更丰富、逻辑更强。

 

【参考译文】

Marco Polo was a famous traveler from Italy. He arrived at the capital of the Yuan Dynasty in 1275. From then on he spent 17 years in touring China, visiting many cities around it. After he returned to Italy, he cooperated with others to write a book named The Travels of Marco Polo- In this book, Marco Polo described a glorious Eastern world, and introduced in detail some Chinese famous cities. After its publication, the book was warmly welcomed by the Europeans, arousing their interests in Eastern cultures.

 

【分析】

1.第2句中的“为了缓和与匈奴的关系”表目的，故将其译作状语in order to…放在句末。而“将公主嫁给……”作句子的谓宾成分，译作marry its princesses to…。

 

2.第4句“有人对和亲持肯定态度，因为……”的后半句可用as引导的原因状语从句来处理。

 

3.倒数第2句“而另一些人则认为和亲政策是一种妥协和投降”可套用句型consider sth. (be/as) sth.，译作others consider the policy a kind of compromise and surrender.

 

4.最后一句中的“应放在当时的历史环境下来考虑”处理成由which引导的非限制性定语从句，并用被动语态来表达，译为 which should be considered…，其中“环境”应选用circumstance，而不能用environment，因为后者指的是自然生态环境，而非文中表示的人文社会历史状况。

 

【参考译文】

The policy of peace-making marriage can date back to the Western Han Dynasty. At that time, the government of Western Han married its princesses to the heads of Xiongnu tribes in order to smooth out the relationship between the two parties. People always have different opinions towards the policy.Some people hold a positive attitude towards it, as peace-making marriage can put an end to the war and build up a peaceful and friendly relationship with the minority groups. Others consider the policy a kind of compromise and surrender. Generally speaking, the policy peace-making marriage had its pros and cons, which should be considered under the historical circumstance at that time.

 

 

【分析】

1.仔细分析发现，第2句“这—天……”跟第1句语义联系紧密，故将两句“合译”，用on which引导的非限制性定语从句来引出第2句的内容。状语“用各种方式”用介词短语比a variety of ways来表达，置于句末。

 

2.第3句“近年来，许多专家一直希望……”时态宜用现在完成进行时，表示动作的延续性，译作for some recent years, many experts have been hoping to…。

 

3.第5和第6句“不久前，相关部门拟……9月28日，那天被认为是……”意义上有关联，都提到同一日期，宜“合译”，以9用28日为先行词，后一句用which引等的定语从句来表达。

 

4.最后一句中的状语“作为‘先师’”用介词短语as the First Teacher来表达。时间状语“中国历史上”按照英文表达习惯将其置于句末，表达为in Chinese history.

 

【参考译文】

In China, the Teacher's Day on the September 10 is an important day on which people express their respect to their teachers tn a variety of ways. For some recent years, many experts have been hoping to change the date of Teacher's Day. Some scholars in traditional Chinese culture suggested that the Teachers' Day should have historical and cultural associations. Not long ago, the department concerned considered moving Teachers' Day to Sept 28, which is believed to be the birthday of Confucius. As the First Teacher, Confucius is the most important educationalist and philosopher in Chinese history.

 

【解析】

1.第1句既有状语，又有地点状语，—般地点在前、时间在后。“（活动）在……举行”可套用句型sth. was held in…，用被动语态。

 

2.第二句可逐字对译为the Expo had attracted…to attend the Expo，或可意译为190 countries…participated in…，省略“博览会吸引了”不译，不但没有影响原意的表达，还能使译文简洁明了。

 

3.第3句“超过7300万中外游客参现了世博园”中的“游客”可用visitors或tourist，由于“参现”用了visited，选用tourists来表达可避免重复，“参观人数是历届世博会中最多的—次”是对该句中“7300万”的补充说明，故将其处理成分词短语作状语，译作reaching the largest number of attendance in all Expos.

 

4.第4句中的“体现了……”是对前半句的补充说明，可用非限制性定语从句来表达，译作which reflects…， 也可用分词短语reflecting…来表达。

 

【参考译文】

World Expo 2010 was held in Shanghai from May 1to Oct. 31. 190 countries and 66 international organizations participated in the Expo. More than 73million tourists from home and abroad visited the Expo Park, reaching the largest number of attendance in all Expos. The theme of the Shanghai Expo is "Better City, Better Life", which reflects human's wish for a more livable environment and a better life. The China Pavilion was one of the most popular pavilions among all in the Expo Park.