【解析】

1.第1句是没有被动标识词的被动句，翻译时需把“被引人”的意思表达出来，译作the credit card was introduced into China.时间状语“在1985年”可译为in 1985，置于句末。

 

2.第2句中的“信用卡的发卡量……、到2011年达到……”可译为并列结构credit cards were issued…and reached…。但译文中的“到2011年达到……”用分词短语reaching 285 million…来表结果，逻辑关系会更强。

 

3.第4句中的时间状语“用卡付账时”译为when paying the bills with credit cards：“还会经常得到一些额外奖励”可译为often get some extra rewards，也可译为被动语态 are frequently offered some ext rare wards.

 

4.最后一句中的“信用卡也常常使持卡人过度消费”可简单译为credit cards often tempt their holders in to overspending；也可用card holders作主语，使上下文的叙述角度（持卡人）保持一致，用be encouraged来表达“被诱惑”之义。句末的“购买一些……商品”可处理成与“过度消费”并列的结构，其中的定语“他们并不真正需要的”较长，可将其处理成定语从句，置于修饰词goods之后。

 

【参考译文】

The credit card was introduced into China in 1985.Since then, credit cards were issued at an astonishing rate, reaching 285 million by 2011.Credit cards bring consumers a variety of benefit.When paying the bills with credit cards, card holders don't need to carry large amounts of cash and they are frequently offered some extra rewards. In addition, card holders can get a certain of loans from the card issuing institutions. However,card holders are often encouraged to overspend and purchase the goods they don't really need.

 

 

 

【解析】

1.第1句中的“人口约为40万”可处理为与前半句“高山族世代居住在……”并列，译作the population is about400,000，但将其处理成介词短语about 400,000 in total作插人语更佳，译文也更简洁明了。

 

2.第2句中的“他们以农业生产为主”中“以……为主”可用短语mainly engage in来表达。“种植水稻、红薯……”为补充说明，处理成伴随状语，用分词短语planting rice…来表达。

 

3.第4句中的“但口头文学很丰富，有许多神话、传说和民歌”中“……很丰富”可用短语sth. be rich来表达，“有许多神话、传说和民歌”用介词短语with many myths, legends…译出。

 

4.最后一句“高山族人还非常喜欢雕刻，刻得最多的是蛇身人首的图像”可用并列结构译作The Gaoshan people are also fond of…and the most carved images are those with…。“图像”的定语“蛇身人首的” 较长，故将其处理为后置定语，用介词短语with human heads and snake bodies来表达。

 

【参考译文】

The Gaoshan people, about 400 thousand in total,have lived for generations in Taiwan Province. They mainly engage in farming, planting rice, sweet potato, millet and so on. And some live on huntin gand fishing. The Gaoshans do not have their own script, but their spoken literature is quite rich with many myths, legends and folk songs. Singing and dancing are a part of Gaoshan life. On every holiday people gather to sing and dance. The Gaoshan people are also fond of carving and the most carved images are those with human heads and snake bodies.

 

 

【解析】

1.第2句“放烟花是……的一部分”如果逐字对译为Firing/Setting off fireworks is a part of…，则稍显生硬，此处译作Fireworks are a part of…已能达意，且更简洁。定语“中国庆祝新年”可用短语Chinese New Year celebration 来表达，也可译为celebrating Chinese New Year.

 

2.第4句“烟花在中国的发展……，其发明可以……”可翻译成并列结构the development of firework China…and its invention can date back to…，但这样处理译文显得冗长。故可把后半句“其发明可以……”处理为状语，用现在分词短语dating back to more than 2,000 years ago来表达。

 

3.第5句中的“传说有个厨师……”可译为a legend/story tells that a cook…，也可译为a legend tells of a cook who…。时间状语“在烹任时”可用从句when he was cooking来表达，亦可筒译作when cooking 由于“传说有个厨师…”跟“最终把烟花发展了起来”的关系不是那么紧密，翻译后半部分时，可另起一句，该部分属于无主语句，翻译时需增译主语“人们”，译作finally， people developed…。但因此句并不需要强调施动者“人们故将受动者”烟花“转换成主语，用被动语态表达：Finally fireworks were developed…。

 

【参考译文】

Many people associate fireworks with festivals and celebrations. Fireworks are an important part of Chinese New Year celebration. In traditional Chinese culture, fireworks are used to drive away evil spirits.The development of fireworks in China is a long story dating back to more than 2,000 years ago. A legend tells of a cook who accident produced an interesting name when cooking. Finally fireworks wen developed through the efforts of generations of Chinese people. Nowadays, because fireworks pollute the environment, the research and development of environment. friendly fireworks are on the go.

 

 

【解析】

1.第2句中的定语“在房子的大门上贴门神的”可用of引导的介词短语of pasting Door Gods on the external doors of  houses来表达。其中“大门”指的是“房子最外面的门故译为the external doors of houses.

 

2.第4句的原主语是“主题”，为了使表达富有逻辑性和连贯性，在其前加上物主代词their，指代前面的“传统年画”。“表达人们……”可处理为表伴随动作的状语，用分词短语conveying people's…来表达“愿望”和“憧憬”同义，故只需译出一个wish即可翻译“祈望丰收的”和“对幸福生活的”时，用介词for引出并列结构，表达为for a good harvest and a happy life.

 

3.倒数第2句中的“制作年画的材料也不断增多”可用存现句型there be来表达，译为there are more and more new materials for New Year Pictures.

 

4.最后一句“……仍充满生机，深受人们喜爱”可用并列结构译出...is still full of vigor today and (is) deeply loved by people.虽然前半句用主动形式，后半句用被动形式，但可共接一个系动词be.“充满生机”还可表达为be vigorous.

 

【参考译文】

New Year Picture is a unique type of painting in China. The custom of pasting New Year futures came from the tradition of pasting Door Gods on the external doors of houses. The traditional New Year Pictures are well-known for their elaborate block print and bright colors. Their subjects are mainly flowers and birds, lovely babies, myths and legends, and historical stories, etc, conveying people's wishes for a good harvest and a happy life. With the improvement of printing technologies, there are more and more new materials for New Year Pictures. This traditional artistic form is still full of vigor today and deeply loved by people.

 

【解析】

1.第1句“中国象棋是一种……，是中国……”可用并列结构译出Chinese chess is an…and 但不如将“是一种古老的箦力游戏”处理为“中国象祺”的同位语，把“是中国宝费的文化遗产”处理为主句，以突出重点。整句译为Chinese chess, an ancient intellectual game, is a…

 

2.第3句中“技能”的定语“—个文人必须掌握的”可用定语从句that a scholar should master来表达，置于中心词skill后。也可采用较为意译的方法把单词essential必不可少的“置于skill前来表达，”一个文人必须掌握的技能之一“完整译作one of the essential skills for a scholar，时间状语”在古代“译为in ancient times，可置句首或句末。

 

3.第4句中的“象棋被当作是开发智力和培养专注力的有效途径”表原因，故将其译作原因状语从句，由as引导。“开发智力和培养专注力”中的“开发”和“培养”都可用develop来表达，故省译一个，译为develop intelligence and the ability to focus.

 

4.最后一句句首的“据估计”可套用句型it is estimated that…。“懂得下象棋”中“懂得”(know)为及物动词， 后接名词或从句。按照英文表达习惯，“懂得下象棋”译为know how to play Chinese chess，而不能表达为know playing Chinese chess.

 

【参考译文】

Chinese chess, an ancient intellectual game, is a valuable cultural heritage of China. Its origin was closely related to military strategies. Playing chess was also one of the essential skills for a scholar in ancient times. As playing chess is considered as an effective way to develop intelligence and the ability to focus, now many children begin to learn to play Chinese chess at the age of four or five. At the same time, the chess is also a favorite pastime for many aged people. It is estimated that over half a billion people in China know how to play Chinese chess.

 

【原文】

据统计，全国共有超过6100万留守儿童(left-behind children)。他们的父母远离家乡到城镇地区谋生，留下他们由祖父母或其他亲戚照顾。留守儿童问题是一个值得关注的社会问题。留守儿童无法像同龄孩子那样得到父母的关爱，从而引起各种心理问题。此外，留守儿童更容易受到意外伤害。为此国务院(State Council)成立了一个专门工作组来保护留守儿童的合法权益。

 

【解析】

1.第2句有两个分句，可将前一分句处理为句子的主干，后半句“留下他们由……照顾”可处理为状语，用现在分词短语leaving them taken care of by…来表达。前一分句“远离家乡到城镇地区谋生”有两个动作“远离”和“谋生”，可将“谋生”作为句子的谓语，“远离家庭”处理为修饰“城镇地区”的定语，整句译为earn a living in urban areas far away from home.

 

2.第3句“留守儿童问题是—个值得关注的社会问题”中，有两个“问题”，按照英语表达习惯要避免重复，故分别译为problem和issue.定语“值得关注的”较长，进行后置处理，可用介词短语of concern或worth concerning 来表达。

 

3.第4句中的“得到父母的关爱”可直译为receive/get parents' care但较生硬，不如译文中的表达enjoy parents' care来得精彩，表达出“享受”的感觉。“像同龄孩子那样”不能直译为as their peers，而应补充出“得到父母的关爱”的动作才能达意，为避免重复，用动词do来代替。“从而引起……”作结果状语，用分词短语 resulting in…来表达。

 

4.最后一句中的“来保护留守儿童的合法权益”作目的状语，用不定式短语to protect the legal rights and interests of left-behind children来表达。定语“留守儿童的”较长，故将其后置。

 

【参考译文】

According to statistics, there are over 61 million left-behind children in China Their parents earn a living in urban areas far away from home, leaving them taken care of by grandparents or other relatives. The problem of the left-behind children is a social issue worth concerning. The left-behind children can't enjoy their parents' care as their peers do, resulting in a variety of psychological problems. In addition, they are more vulnerable to accidental injuries. To this end, the State Council has set up a special work team to protect the legal rights and interests of the left-behind children.