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国家人权行动计划（2016—2020年）

National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2016-2020)

 

中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室

Information Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

 

目录

Contents

 

导言

Introduction

 

一、经济、社会和文化权利

I. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

 

（一）工作权利

(1) Right to work

 

（二）基本生活水准权利

(2) Right to basic living standards

 

（三）社会保障权利

(3) Right to social security

 

（四）财产权利

4) Right to property

 

（五）健康权利

(5) Right to health

 

（六）受教育权

(6) Right to education

 

（七）文化权利

(7) Cultural rights

 

（八）环境权利

(8) Environmental rights

 

二、公民权利和政治权利

II. Civil and Political Rights

 

（一）人身权利

(1) Rights of the person

 

（二）获得公正审判的权利

(2) Right to fair trial

 

（三）宗教信仰自由

(3) Freedom of religious belief

 

（四）知情权和参与权

(4) Rights to know and to participate

 

（五）表达权和监督权

(5) Rights of expression and supervision

 

三、特定群体权利

III. Rights of Specific Groups

 

（一）少数民族权利

(1) Rights of ethnic minorities

 

（二）妇女权利

(2) Rights of women

 

（三）儿童权利

(3) Rights of children

 

（四）老年人权利

(4) Rights of the elderly

 

（五）残疾人权利

(5) Rights of the disabled

 

四、人权教育和研究

IV. Human Rights Education and Research

 

五、人权条约履行和国际交流合作

V. Fulfillment of Obligations to Human Rights Conventions and International Exchanges and Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights

 

六、实施和监督

VI. Implementation and Supervision

 

导言

Introduction

 

2016—2020年，是中国全面建成小康社会的决胜阶段，也是实现中国人权事业持续稳定有序发展的重要时期。

 

The period from 2016 to 2020 is a decisive stage for China in the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way as well as a major stage for realizing the orderly, steady and sustainable development of human rights in China.

 

自2009年以来，国家先后实施了两期人权行动计划。中国政府不断加大各项人权保障力度，人民生活水平和质量进一步提高，经济、社会和文化权利得到全面加强，公民权利和政治权利得到切实保障，全社会尊重和保障人权的意识明显提升，国际人权交流与合作不断发展，中国特色社会主义人权事业迈上新台阶。

 

China has implemented two national human rights action plans since 2009. As the government constantly enhances the protection of human rights, the people’s standard of living and quality of life have seen further improvement, their economic, social and cultural rights and interests have been strengthened, their civil rights and political rights have been guaranteed, the public’s consciousness of respecting and guaranteeing human rights has enhanced significantly, international human rights exchanges and cooperation have constantly developed, and the cause of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics has moved up to a new level.

 

但也应该看到，经济发展方式粗放，不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题仍然突出，城乡区域发展差距仍然较大，与人民群众切身利益密切相关的医疗、教育、养老、食品药品安全、收入分配、环境等方面还有一些困难需要解决，人权保障的法治化水平仍需进一步提高，实现更高水平的人权保障目标尚需付出更多努力。

 

Nevertheless, we are keenly aware that problems, some of them serious, remain. China’s economic development pattern is still extensive, unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable. There is still a huge gap between urban and rural development. Difficulties need to be solved in such fields as health care, education, care for the aged, food and drug safety, income distribution and the environment – all of which are closely related to the people’s vital interests. The rule of law in safeguarding human rights needs to be further promoted and more efforts are required to realize higher levels of human rights protection.

 

在总结第一、二期国家人权行动计划的执行情况和实施经验的基础上，依据国家尊重和保障人权的宪法原则，遵循《世界人权宣言》和有关国际人权公约的精神，结合实施《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》，中国政府制定《国家人权行动计划（2016—2020年）》（以下简称《行动计划》），确定2016—2020年尊重、保护和促进人权的目标和任务。

 

Based on experience gained in the implementation of the first and second national human rights action plans, the Chinese government has formulated the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2016-2020) (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan) in accordance with the constitutional principle that the state respects and protects human rights and the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other related international human rights conventions, and in combination with the implementation of the Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China. The Action Plan defines the objectives and tasks of respecting, protecting and promoting human rights in the period from 2016 to 2020.

 

制定和实施《行动计划》的指导思想是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中全会精神，以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，深入贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神，按照全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党的战略布局，坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，坚持中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信，将人权事业与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和党的建设结合起来，坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，把保障人民的生存权和发展权放在首位，将增进人民福祉、促进人的全面发展作为人权事业发展的出发点和落脚点，维护社会公平正义，在实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的征程中，使全体人民的各项权利得到更高水平的保障。

 

The guiding ideology for formulating and implementing the Action Plan is as follows:

 

Upholding socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully implementing the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the third, fourth and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, following the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development, implementing the spirit of a series of important speeches made by General Secretary Xi Jinping, following the strategic arrangement of building China into a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, advancing reform in an all-round way, comprehensively promoting law-based government, and running the Party with strict discipline, and sticking to the innovative, coordinated, green, open and sharing development concept. The Chinese government combines human rights with economic, political, cultural and social progress, ecological protection and Party building, adheres to the people-centered development approach, puts the protection of people’s rights to subsistence and development in the first place, takes the people’s well-being and all-round development as both the starting point and ultimate goal of China’s human rights work, safeguards social fairness and justice, and better guarantees the various rights and interests of the entire population in the great cause of realizing the Chinese Dream of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

 

制定和实施《行动计划》的基本原则是：依法推进，将人权事业纳入法治轨道；协调推进，使各项权利全面协调发展；务实推进，把人权的普遍原则和中国实际相结合；平等推进，保障每个人都能平等享有各项人权；合力推进，政府、企事业单位、社会组织共同促进人权事业的发展。

 

The basic principles for formulating and implementing the Action Plan are as follows:

 

Pushing forward the work in accordance with the law and bringing China’s human rights work under the rule of law; pushing forward the work in a coordinated way, and promoting the comprehensive and coordinated development of the people’s various rights and interests; pushing forward the work in a pragmatic way, and integrating universal principles on human rights with China’s realities; pushing forward the work in a balanced way and making sure that all people enjoy equal human rights; pushing forward the work with joint efforts, with the government, enterprises, public institutions and social organizations working together to promote human rights.

 

按照全面建成小康社会的新要求，实施《行动计划》的目标是：

 

In accordance with the new requirement of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, the objectives of the implementation of the Action Plan are as follows: 

 

——全面保障经济、社会和文化权利。普遍提升人民生活水平和质量；健全公共服务体系，提升服务均等化水平；全力实施脱贫攻坚，实现现行标准下的贫困人口全部脱贫；有效保护产权；总体改善生态环境质量；努力使发展机会更加公平，发展成果更加均等地惠及全民，使全体人民在共建共享发展中有更多获得感。

 

– Comprehensively safeguarding citizens’ economic, social and cultural rights. The Chinese government will improve the people’s standard of living and quality of life; upgrade the public service system and ensure more people have equal access to such services; spare no effort in poverty alleviation to lift the entire population who live under the current poverty line out of poverty; protect intellectual property rights; improve the overall ecological environment; make efforts to give people equal opportunities in development, ensure that all people share the benefits of the nation’s development more equally, and increase the people’s sense of satisfaction in creating and sharing benefits.

 

——依法保障公民权利和政治权利。严格规范公正文明执法，维护公民的人身权利和人格尊严；提高公正司法水平，保障诉讼当事人获得公正审判的权利；健全社会主义民主政治，畅通、创新渠道，促进公民知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权充分实现。

 

– Protecting citizens’ civil and political rights in accordance with the law. China will enforce the law in a strict, procedure-based manner, and protect citizens’ personal rights and dignity; promote judicial justice and guarantee litigants’ right to a fair trial; improve socialist democracy, clear and expand channels for citizens’ participation in political affairs, and ensure people’s rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard and to oversee.

 

——充分保障各类特定群体权利。加快少数民族和民族地区发展；努力消除性别歧视；强化对未成年人权益的保障；积极应对人口老龄化；健全扶残助残服务体系。

 

– Fully safeguarding the rights and interests of specific groups. The Chinese government will promote the development of ethnic minorities and regions inhabited by ethnic minorities; endeavor to eliminate gender discrimination; strengthen the protection of rights and interests of minors; respond actively to the aging of the population; improve the service system to support and help people with disabilities.

 

——深入开展人权教育。将人权教育与国民教育、全民普法相结合；弘扬社会主义核心价值观的人权精神内涵，培育全社会尊重人权的文化。

 

– Conducting extensive education in human rights. China will combine human rights education with national education and nationwide education in spreading knowledge of the law; publicize the importance of human rights as represented in the core socialist values, and foster a culture featuring respect for human rights.

 

——积极参与国际人权工作。认真履行人权条约义务，深入参与联合国人权机制工作；广泛开展人权对话、交流与合作，向有需要的发展中国家提供人权技术援助。

 

– Actively participating in international human rights work. China will fulfill its obligations to international human rights conventions, get actively involved in the work of the United Nations human rights mechanism; conduct extensive human rights dialogues, exchanges and cooperation, and provide technical aid related to human rights to those developing countries that need it.

 

《行动计划》由国务院新闻办公室和外交部牵头编制，经国家人权行动计划联席会议机制审核同意，现授权国务院新闻办公室发布《国家人权行动计划（2016—2020年）》。

 

Compiled under the leadership of the State Council Information Office and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and reviewed and approved by the joint meeting for the National Human Rights Action Plan, the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2016-2020) is hereby released by the State Council Information Office.