导言

 

3月15日上午，十二届全国人大五次会议表决通过了民法总则。

 

 

 

第一条   

为了保护民事主体的合法权益，调整民事关系，维护社会和经济秩序，适应中国特色社会主义发展要求，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，根据宪法，制定本法。

Article 1 These Rules are enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of protecting the lawful civil rights and interests of civil subjects, adjusting civil relations, maintaining social and economic order, adapting to the requirements of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and carrying forward socialist core values.    

 

第二条   

民法调整平等主体的自然人、法人和非法人组织之间的人身关系和财产关系。

Article 2 The Civil Law adjusts personal relationships and property relationships between civil subjects with equal status, that is, between natural persons, legal persons and non-incorporated organisations.    

 

第三条   

民事主体的人身权利、财产权利以及其他合法权益受法律保护，任何组织或者个人不得侵犯。

Article 3 The personal rights, property rights and other legitimate rights and interests of civil subjects are protected by law, no organisation or individual may infringe upon such rights and interests.    

 

第四条   

民事主体在民事活动中的法律地位一律平等。

Article 4 Parties to civil activities shall have equal status.    

 

第五条   

民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循自愿原则，按照自己的意思设立、变更、终止民事法律关系。

Article 5 Civil subjects engaging in civil activities shall follow the principles of voluntariness in establishing, altering and terminating civil legal relations according to their own intentions.    

 

第六条   

民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循公平原则，合理确定各方的权利和义务。

Article 6 Civil subjects engaging in civil activities shall follow the principles of fairness in determining reasonably the rights and obligations of all parties concerned.    

 

第七条   

民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循诚信原则，秉持诚实，恪守承诺。

Article 7 Civil subjects engaging in civil activities shall follow the principles of good faith, adhere to honesty and keep their commitments.    

 

第八条   

民事主体从事民事活动，不得违反法律，不得违背公序良俗。

Article 8 No civil subject engaging in civil activities may violate laws or go against public order and good customs.    

 

第九条   

民事主体从事民事活动，应当有利于节约资源、保护生态环境。

Article 9 All civil activities conducted by civil subjects shall be conducive to saving resources and protecting the ecological environment.    

 

第十条   

处理民事纠纷，应当依照法律；法律没有规定的，可以适用习惯，但是不得违背公序良俗。

Article 10 Civil disputes shall be resolved in accordance with the law; where there are no relevant provisions prescribed in the law, customs may be followed but public order and good customs shall not be infringed upon.    

 

第十一条   

其他法律对民事关系有特别规定的，依照其规定。

Article 11 Where there are special provisions provided by other laws governing civil relationships, such provisions shall prevail.    

 

第十二条   

中华人民共和国领域内的民事活动，适用中华人民共和国法律。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。

Article 12 All civil activities within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be governed by the laws of the People's Republic of China, unless otherwise provided by law.    

 

第二章 自然人   

Chapter II Natural Persons    

 

第一节 民事权利能力和民事行为能力    

Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conduct    

 

第十三条   

自然人从出生时起到死亡时止，具有民事权利能力，依法享有民事权利，承担民事义务。

Article 13 A natural person has the capacity for civil rights from birth to death; he/she may enjoy civil rights and shall assume civil obligations in accordance with the law.    

 

第十四条   

自然人的民事权利能力一律平等。

Article 14 All natural persons are equal as regards their capacity for civil rights. 

   

第十五条   

自然人的出生时间和死亡时间，以出生证明、死亡证明记载的时间为准；没有出生证明、死亡证明的，以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的时间为准。有其他证据足以推翻以上记载时间的，以该证据证明的时间为准。

Article 15 The date of birth or death of a natural person shall be based on the date recorded in his/her birth certificate or death certificate; in absence of birth certificate or death certificate, the date recorded in the household registration or any other valid identity registration shall apply. If there is any other evidence sufficient to overturn the above record, the date specified in such evidence shall prevail.    

 

第十六条   

涉及遗产继承、接受赠与等胎儿利益保护的，胎儿视为具有民事权利能力。但是胎儿娩出时为死体的，其民事权利能力自始不存在。

Article 16 Where a foetus is involved in inheritance or acceptance of gifts or other protection of the interests of the foetus, the foetus shall be deemed as having civil rights. However, if the foetus was born dead, the capacity for civil rights shall be deemed as non-existent since the beginning.    

 

第十七条   

十八周岁以上的自然人为成年人。不满十八周岁的自然人为未成年人。

Article 17 A natural person aged 18 or over is an adult. A natural person aged under 18 is a minor.    

 

第十八条   

成年人为完全民事行为能力人，可以独立实施民事法律行为。

十六周岁以上的未成年人，以自己的劳动收入为主要生活来源的，视为完全民事行为能力人。

Article 18 An adult has full capacity for civil conduct, and may perform civil juristic acts independently.   

A minor aged over 16 whose main source of income is his/her job shall be deemed as a person of full capacity for civil conduct.

   

第十九条   

八周岁以上的未成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认，但是可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其年龄、智力相适应的民事法律行为。

Article 19 A minor aged 8 or over is of limited capacity for civil conduct and shall be represented in the performance of civil juristic acts by his/her legal agent or shall obtain the consent or acknowledge by such agent. However, a minor may independently perform any civil juristic act that has a nature of pure profit or the performance of which is compatible with his/her age and intelligence thereof.    

 

第二十条   

不满八周岁的未成年人为无民事行为能力人，由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。

Article 20 A minor under the age of 8 is of no capacity for civil conduct and shall be represented by his/her legal agent in the performance of civil juristic acts.    

 

第二十一条   

不能辨认自己行为的成年人为无民事行为能力人，由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。

八周岁以上的未成年人不能辨认自己行为的，适用前款规定。

Article 21 An adult who is unable to account for his/her conduct is a person having no capacity for civil conduct and shall be represented by his/her legal agent in the performance of legal juristic acts.   

A minor who has reached the age of 8 but is unable to account for his /her conduct shall be subject to the provision set forth in the preceding paragraph.

 

第二十二条   

不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认，但是可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其智力、精神健康状况相适应的民事法律行为。 Article 22 An adult who is unable to fully account for his/her conduct is a person having limited capacity for civil conduct and shall be represented by his/her legal agent in the performance of civil juristic acts. However, such person may independently perform a civil juristic act that has a nature of pure profit or the performance of which is compatible with his/her age and intelligence.    

 

第二十三条   

无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的监护人是其法定代理人。

Article 23 The guardian of a person without capacity for civil conduct or with limited capacity for civil conduct is his/her legal agent.    

 

第二十四条   

不能辨认或者不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人，其利害关系人或者有关组织，可以向人民法院申请认定该成年人为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人。

被人民法院认定为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的，经本人、利害关系人或者有关组织申请，人民法院可以根据其智力、精神健康恢复的状况，认定该成年人恢复为限制民事行为能力人或者完全民事行为能力人。

本条规定的有关组织包括：居民委员会、村民委员会、学校、医疗机构、妇女联合会、残疾人联合会、依法设立的老年人组织、民政部门等。

Article 24 For an adult who is unable to account for or fully account for his/her conduct, the interested person or the organisation concerned may apply to a people's court for determining that such adult is of no or limited capacity for civil conduct.   

For a perform who has been determined by a people's court to be of no or limited capacity for civil conduct, the people's court may, upon the application filed by the person him/herself, an interested person or any organization concerned, determine that the person is recovered to be one with full or limited capacity for civil conduct, depending on the recovery of such person's intelligence or mental health.

The organisations concerned specified in this Article include: residents' committees, villagers' committees, schools, medical institutions, women's federations, federation of persons with disabilities, elderly organisations and civil affairs departments established according to law etc.

 

第二十五条   

自然人以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的居所为住所；经常居所与住所不一致的，经常居所视为住所。

Article 25 The domicile of a natural person shall be his/her residence registered in the household register or other valid identity register; if his/her habitual residence is not the same as his/her domicile, such habitual residence shall be regarded as his/her domicile.    

 

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