S1 Unit 14
上一层 ]

 

 

首   页 高   考 自   考 考试资源 高中英语 PETS考试 公务员考试 计算机考试 下载中心
考   研 中   考 大学英语 英语教学 知心港湾 IELTS考试 四六级英语 普通话考试 今日要闻
     
Unit 14 Mainly revision
 
1. 掌握下列词与词组
 1. recently adv.近来
 2. suggest vt.建议;提议
 3. weigh vt .称……的重量
 4. measure vt. & vi.量
 5. pattern n.型;式样
 6. lovely adj.美好的;可爱的
 7. junior adj. 初级的
 8. cousin n.堂(表)兄弟
 9. secret n.秘密
 10. invite vt.邀请;招待
 11. reply n.答复;回答
 12. actor n.男演员
 13. interest n.兴趣;趣味
 14. illness n.病;疾病
 15. be tired of 厌烦做某事
 16. consider doing something 考虑做某事
 17. get along with 与……相处
 18. try one's best 竭尽全能
 19. tell lies 说慌
 20. worry about 担心;烦恼
 21. a place of interest 名胜

2. 需掌握的日常交际用语
 1. Can I ask you for some advice? 你能不能给我提些建议?
 2. What can you suggest? 你能建议些什么?
 3. Have you considered doing…? 你是否考虑过……
 4. I suggest (that)… 我建议……
 5. I've got an idea. 我有主意了。
 6. Why not do…? 为何不……
 7. Why don't you do…? 你为什么不……
 8. That's why… 那就是为什么……
 

3. 掌握过去将来时态的用法

     
Unit 14 Mainly revision
 
*About letter writing(信的书写
 1 heading 信头
 2 date 日期
 3 address 地址
 4 salutation 称呼
 5 the body of the letter 正文
 6 the complimentary close 结束语
 7 the signature 签名
 8 envelope 信封
 9 airmail 航空信

*About social correspondence(社交信函
 1 Letter of invitation 邀请信
 2 Dinner invitation 宴会邀请
 3 Luncheon invitation 午餐邀请
 4 Supper invitation 晚餐邀请
 5 Party invitation 聚会邀请
 6 formal cocktail party 正式酒会邀请
 7 informal tea party 非正式茶会邀请
 8 dance invitation 舞会邀请
 9 wedding invitation 婚礼邀请
 10 a letter of thanks 感谢信
 11 a letter of congratulations 祝贺信
 12 a letter of condolence 吊唁信
 13 a letter of introduction 介绍信
 14 a family letter 家信
 15 a business letter 商业信函
 16 a letter of reference 证明信
 17 a letter of application 申请信
 18 a letter of recommendation 推荐信

*Other practical writing(其他公函
 1 official documents 公文
 2 diplomatic documents 外交公文
 3 diplomatic note 外交照会
 4 treaty 条约
 5 contract 合同
 6 memorandum 备忘录
 7 certificate of commendation 奖状
 8 notice 通知
 9 proclamation 公告
 10 certificate 证明
 11 identity certificate 身份证明
 12 enrollment certificate 入学证明
 13 graduation certificate 毕业证明
 14 medical certificate 诊断证明
 15 birth certificate 出生证明
 16 death certificate 死亡证明
 17 schooling record certificate 学历证明
 18 resume certificate 简历证明
 19 poster 海报
 20 advertisement 广告
     
Unit 14 Mainly revision
 
A. How to Write English Letters
 (1) Forms of English letters
  a. Blocked Form
 

 

 

 


                              20 York Street
                              Seattle, WA 98500
                              USA
                              May 5, 2001

  George Thomson
  29 St. John's Square
  London, W.G.1
  UK

  Dear Mr Thomson,

                                         

                                           

                    .

    … … … …

    Yours sincerely,
    (Signature)

 

  b. Indented Form
 


                             20 York Street
                              Seattle, WA 98500
                               USA
                                May 5, 2001

  George Thomson
   29 St. John's Square
    London, W.G.1
     UK

  Dear Mr Thomson,

                                         

                                           

                    .

    … … … …

                                Yours sincerely,
                                (Signature)

 

  c. Modified Form
 


                              20 York Street
                              Seattle, WA 98500
                              USA
                              May 5, 2001

  George Thomson
  29 St. John's Square
  London, W.G.1
  UK

  Dear Mr Thomson,

                                         

    
                                     

                    .

    … … … …

                                Yours sincerely,
                                (Signature)

 

 (2) Parts of English Letters
    a. The heading

    No.21, Victoria Street
    London E. G. 7 England
    UK
    21st March, 2001

    2007 Brooklyn Avenue
    Olympia, WA 98502
    USA
    Apr. 3, 2001

    8th Sector Gazayer St.
    Building No. 40
    App. No. 42 Maadi El Gedida
    Cairo-Egypt
    May 28, 2001

    30 Orange Grove Road
    Singapore 258352
    Singapore
    Nov. 12, 2001

    b. The inside address

    Mr. Henry Smith
    45 North Avenue
    New York, N.Y.
    USA

    Mr.
    Mrs.
    Ms.
    Miss
    Dr. (Doctor)
    Prof. (Professor)
    Pres. (President)
    Hon. (Honourable)

    c. The salutation
    Dear Mr. Smith
    Dear Mrs. Johnson
    Dear Sir
    Dear Sirs
    Dear Madam
    Dear Madams
    Dear Prof. Green
    To whom it may concern

    d. The complimentary close
    Yours faithfully
    Yours truly
    Yours sincerely
    Yours very truly

    Yours respectfully
    Very respectfully yours

    Yours cordially
    Yours
    Yours ever
    Yours affectionately
    With love from
    Your loving son (daughter, sister, mother…)

    e. The signature

    Truly yours
    ( Signature)
    (Miss) James Johnson

    Yours truly
    (Signature)
    John Smith
    Professor of English
    Perdue University

 (3) Opening and Concluding Letters
    a. Opening sentences:
     
I was glad to receive your letter of May 6 ….
     
With great delight I learn that ….
     
I have the pleasure to tell you that …
     
Your kind letter of Saturday arrived this morning, …
     
I'm glad to hear from you so soon.
     
I haven't heard from you for long and I feel anxious.
    b. Closing sentences:
     
I hope to hear from you soon.
     
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
     
I look forward to our next meeting.
     
Your kind early reply will be appreciated.
     
With best regard.
     
Hoping for an early reply.
     
With kind regard to your wife.
     
Please remember me to your parents.

B. Why Do I Eat When I'm Not Hungry?
The next time you go to put food in your mouth, ask yourself a question. Are you REALLY hungry? Does your body really need that food? That snack?? That second portion at dinner???

If you find yourself answering that question with an honest NO, then determine WHY it is you are going to eat when your body is not really calling for it:

· I'M BORED. Sometimes we are just bored and don't have anything better to do. When this happens, and you start to walk into the kitchen, take a detour to another part of the house. Do a small chore as “punishment” to yourself for almost eating for no reason. Or go for a small walk. That small bit of activity walking or doing a chore will have quite the opposite effect of having gone into the kitchen.
·
IT TASTES GOOD. Yea. Sometimes it does. But sometimes we are eating anything we can find in the kitchen, even if it really isn't that great tasting. (like fat or sweets). When I'm dieting, I like to eat food that I really enjoy. Eat less of it, and savor it. And even if it does taste good, it is no reason to keep eating after your belly is full, especially if you are trying to lose weight. We have to learn when to “say when”.
·
I AM ALONE, TIME TO SNEAK SOMETHING. Isn't it funny how as soon as we are alone in the house, we sneak into the kitchen for a full blown raid. We must think that if nobody sees us eating, we won't gain any weight. One of the favorite times is when every one else is off to bed. Then we load up our stomach with food and sleep with a full stomach. Self destruction.
·
IT'S BECAUSE OF SOMETHING THAT HAPPENED TO ME IN THE PAST. It may be true, but if you can beat the weight problem, you beat the past, and maybe it will help you to forget.
·
MY MOTHER ALWAYS MADE ME EAT. My mama always told me “MANGIA!!”. And I did. I was a chubber all my life. We still mangia whenever I see her.
·
I AM STRESSED OUT, IT'S NERVES. Now here is a pretty valid one, for me anyway. Many times during work or after work, I would be feeding my stress instead of my hunger. And it does seem to help. I don't know why but it does. Fix the stress problem and you will be way ahead of the game. Once I was able to beat the stress, I was halfway there.
·
IT IS COMFORTING. This one goes along with being stressed out. It may go with something else as well. Fix the problem causing you to want comfort, or find something else to comfort you, if you can.
More reasons ………
·
TV!!! I know what makes me want to eat … TV! I rarely watched TV when I was thin about a year ago. Then I started to watch TV almost every evening. I put on 45 pounds. Evening TV programs play too many delicious food commercials that make it very temping to run to the fridge and snack. Watching food on a screen for some reason gives you instant desire to eat. And what makes it even worse is that many people are usually just lying on the couch as they watch TV and snack. My best diet advice: Stop watching evening TV (or watch a rented movie with no commercials). Or even better, use a workout video instead of any TV. PS: I have limited my TV watching in the last two months, and I have lost an amazing 19 pounds. EXCELLENT Advice!!
·
BECAUSE IT'S THERE!! OK, give it away or get rid of it, or if not in your house, walk away from it.
·
REVENGE: I eat when I am not hungry because my boyfriend constantly reminded what I shouldn't have been eating. I am not even overweight. I have maintained my weight since high school which is 9 years ago. But I would always eat the wrong foods at the wrong time because it would piss him off. I don't want anyone telling me what, where and when I should eat, especially the boyfriend. That is one of the reasons I got rid of him. Problem solved.
·
DINNER TIME. One of the main reasons I eat is that it is dinner time and my fiancé is hungry. Also, if I let myself get too hungry I get a migraine. Hmmmmm.. maybe plan your day to eat at that time, just eat properly and plan healthy meals. If he doesn't like them, that's a problem.
·
BECAUSE LIFE ISN'T FAIR!! Sometimes I look at my husband. He can eat anything and not put on weight. I admit that sometimes I eat something, cookies, milk shake, etc., just because he's having one and, damn it, I should be able to as well. Like I said, life's just not fair. Hmmmm, that it ain't. It's a damn shame that we have to work a lot harder / eat less than others to get down to, or maintain a desirable weight. That's what makes all this so difficult. When we do reach our goal, we have probably.
·
BECAUSE I'M REALLY THIRSTY: I recently read that sometimes people eat because they are thirsty. Not recognizing that thirst, people will put something in their mouth (often fattening). The next time you have a craving or feel hungry (but you shouldn't) drink some water. Great advice.
·
I DON'T KNOW WHY I'M EATING! Well, if you don't know, then at least you're thinking about it! That's the whole idea, thinking about why you are eating before you do it.

  I read a small book one time on this subject. I gave it to my sister a few years back, so I can't credit the author. This book insisted this problem was due to some kind of neurological thing. You wouldn't believe what it told you to do to cure the problem of eating when you are not really hungry. It gave you a series of finger tapping sequences to use when you found yourself getting ready to eat when you weren't really hungry. You would have to tap your index and second finger on your opposite wrist about 20 times. Then if that didn't work, you would tap underneath your eyeballs, on the bone. They you would tap somewhere else, etc, and back around all over again if you still wanted to eat.

  I actually tried this for a few days. It felt pretty stupid, and after the second day, I felt like I had been had. I imagined this author laughing while he was making money on this book. Hey, maybe it's for real! Regardless of whether this was valid or not, it did make me realize and think about this whole idea of eating when you aren't really hungry. If the light bulb can at least go on in your mind when you are getting ready to eat, and make you think about what you are doing, maybe you can STOP. Go to the list above and try to figure out why you are trying to eat, or worse, blow your diet.

  Well, let me give one opinion here ….

  IF YOUR STOMACH IS GROWLING, IT IS TIME TO EAT. If you are desiring food between meals when your stomach is not growling, then it is not your primal instinct telling you to eat, so don't. ASK yourself why you are eating. Remember, you should still give your body some kind of nourishment 3 times a day or your metabolism will slow down or stop, and hold on to your fat. And if you do have to eat between “meals”, be reasonable. Eat some fruit or cereal, the fiber in those items has proven to be excellent for the heart.

  At least think about what and why you are eating the next time you have the urge to do it. By reading this page, perhaps it will program your mind a little bit so that next time you go for some food, you ask yourself ………WHY AM I EATING???????

     
Unit 14 Mainly revision
 
[基础知识]

1. 词法
   (1) weigh
    [说明]
    1) 作及物动词用,作“称……的重量”解。
    例如:I often weigh myself to see whether I should go on a diet or not.
       我经常称称自己的体重看是否要节食。
       The parcel is weighed before paying the postage.
       这个包裹在付邮资前要称一下。
    2) 用作不及物动词,表示“重……”,“有……重量”。
    例如:A fully-grown pig weighs about 200 kilograms.
       成年的猪有200公斤重。
       How much does the TV set weigh? It weighs 20 pounds.
       那个电视机有多重?重20磅。
   (2) be tired of
    [说明]表示“厌烦”,“讨厌”,侧重于状态的描述。
    例如:He is tired of so much reading.
       他讨厌这么大的阅读量。
       I am tired of her long and dull talk.
       我讨厌她的长篇大论。
       He's tired of having the boiled eggs for breakfast every day.
       他讨厌每天早饭吃煮鸡蛋。
   (3) make fun of
    [说明]表示“开玩笑”,“取笑”,是短语动词。
    例如:She is afraid of being made fun of.
       她怕被人取笑。
       It is wrong of you to make fun of the strangers to Beijing.
       你取笑那些外地来京人员是错误的。
   (4) measure
    [说明]是动词,表示“量,度量,测量(某物或某人)的大小,范围,容量,程度”。
    例如:Measure the plants with a ruler and then write down your results.
       用尺子量量那些植物,然后写下结果。
       Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.
       我还没有来得及插话,裁缝已给我量好了尺寸。
   (5) get along/ on with sb/ sth
    [说明]表示“同某人相处得如何,或某事进展/进行得怎样”。在 get along后可以加副词,
     表示“相处/进展得如何”的意思。
    例如:How are the twins getting along with their classmates in China? They're getting
       along nicely.
       双胞胎在中国与同学们相处得怎样?他们相处得很好。
       I can't get along with him. He likes to make fun of me.
       我不能同他相处。他喜欢取笑我。
       How are you getting along with your studies?
       I'm getting along very well with them.
       你的功课怎样?我功课学得很好。
   (6) else
    [说明]是形容词,作“别的”,“其它的”解,常同somebody, something, anybody,
     anything, nobody, nothing等不定代词连用,并置于不定代词之后。
    例如:Nobody else can help me except you.
       除了你没有人能帮助我。
       Micheal has bought lots of vegetables and meat. And he also would like to buy
       something else. Because his girl friend will come to dinner.
       Micheal已经买了许多蔬菜和肉,他还想再买些东西,因为他的女朋友要来吃饭。
       else还可以同 what, who, when, where 等疑问代词或疑问副词连用。
    例如:What else would you like to say?
       你还有什么要说的?
   (7) make friends
    [说明]该词组表示“(与某人)交朋友”。反义词组为 make enemies,表示“树敌”。
    例如:If you know English, you can make friends in English through Internet.
       如果你懂英语,可以用英语在网上交朋友。
       I don't mean to make enemies with you.
       我不想与你为敌。
   (8) tell lies
    [说明]作“撒谎”,“讲假话”解,反义词组为 tell the truth,指说实话。
    例如:He often tells lies, so no one believes him now.
       他经常说谎,因此没有人信任他。
 [练习题]
    1. Readers can _____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word of
     the sentences.
      A. get over   B. get in   C. get along   D. get through
    2. Pollution is getting more and more serious.
      Yes. We must _____ to stop it.
      A. do anything   B. take measure   C. try something   D. go on
    3. _____ is the weight of the parcel? It's 2 kilograms.
      A. What   B. How many   C. How much   D. Which
    4. His spoken English is better than _____ in our class.
      A. anyone   B. any else   C. anyone's   D. anyone else'
    5. Won't you stop talking? I _____ listening to your nonsense.
      A. tired of   B. am tired of   C. tired with   D. am tired
2. 语法句法
   过去将来时态。过去将来时态表示对过去某时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。其基本形式
   是:would/ should(主语为第一人称)+ 动词原形.was/ were going to意思是“原本打算做某
   事”。它是一种相应的时态,总是和某一过去的时间或过去的动作相对而存在。
   例如:He asked me whether I would be free the next week.
      他问我下周有没有空。
      He asked me if I would join them in the travel.
      他问我是否和他们一起去旅行。
      She said she would call for me at three.
      她说她三点钟来找我。
      Yesterday we were going to have a picnic, but it rained.
      昨天我们要去野餐,但天下雨了。
 [练习题]
    1. We had planned that we _____ spend last Sunday together, but we _____.
      A. would; wouldn't       B. would; weren't
      C. were going to; weren't   D. were going to; didn't
    2. I thought it would be interesting, but it _____.
      A. didn't   B. wouldn't   C. wasn't   D. was
    3. He suggested that I _____ to hospital for a medical exam, so I considered _____
      to see a doctor.
      A. should go, to go    B. go, going
      C. went, going      D. to go, go
    4. When we met them in the street, they _____ to the cinema.
      A. will go   B. went   C. were going   D. go
    5. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
      A. leaves   B. had left   C. left   D. would leave
    6. My father said he _____ to Beijing for business the next week.
      A. is going   B. was going   C. can go   D. B or C
    7. I thought the actor in the film was going to be very famous. But in fact most of us
     _____his name till now.
      A. don't remember    B. don't forget
      C. didn't remember    D. had forgotten
    8. My cousin hasn't got in touch with us for a long time. It was said that his whole
      family _____ abroad (出国).
      A. is going   B. got to   C. would go   D. was getting to
     
Unit 14 Mainly revision
 
[拓展知识]

1. 词法
   (1) advise
    [说明]作“劝,建议”解。常用下列固定搭配。
       advise+名词/代词 建议
       advise + doing sth 建议做……
       advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
       advise sb +疑问词+不定式
       advise + that + sb+ (should) +do sth.
    例如:The doctor advised me to have my bad tooth pulled out.
       医生建议我把那颗虫牙拔了。
       Sam advised waiting till 9:00 because of the heavy traffic.
       由于堵车Sam建议等到9点钟。
       The employees advised a change of air conditioner.
       雇员们建议换个空调。
       I want to improve my spoken English. Could you advise me what to do next?
       我想提高英语口语水平,你能建议我下一步做什么吗?
       I advised that he (should) buy a car of his own so that he won't be always late
       for work.
       我建议他为自己买一辆车,这样他上班就不会总迟到了。
       You should advised your father to give up smoking.
       你应该劝你父亲放弃吸烟。
   (2) answer 与reply的区别
    [说明]answer比reply常用。answer作名词,可译为“答案”,而reply作名词,作“答复”,
     “回复”,不作“答案”讲。answer是及物动词,而reply可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物
     动词。
    例如:The reply is not an answer.
       这回答不中肯。
       She did not know what to reply.
       她不知道该回答什么才好。
       He replied that he knew nothing about the accident.
       他回答说关于那个事故他什么都不知道。
       The teacher replied to me/ my question patiently.
       老师耐心地回答了我的问题。
   (3) seem
    [说明]seem是连系动词,作“似乎,看来”解,后接形容词、名词、不定式等作表语。
    例如:What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
       对某些人好像是容易的事情,可能对其他人是困难的。
       His father seems (to be) a kind man.
       = It is seemed that his father is a kind man.
       他父亲好像是个热心人。
   (4) grow
    [说明]grow 作及物动词时,作“种植(花或庄稼)”解;当作不及物动词时,作“生长”、“成
     长”解。
    例如:We grow a lot of trees along the river every spring to protect our environment.
       每年春天我们沿着河边种许多树来保护环境。
       The grass grows fast in summer.
       夏天草长得很快。
 [练习题]
    1. Rice _____ in the fields every year in the south.
      A. plants   B. grows   C. is planted   D. is grown
    2. They are considering _____ the famous professor _____ us a talk.
       A. to invite, giving   B. to invite, to give   C. inviting, giving   D. inviting, to
      give
    3. The doctor advised him _____ drink water that isn't _____ any more.
      A. not; boiled    B. not to; boiling
      C. not; boiling    D. not to; boiled
    4. You _____ quite yourself today. What's wrong with you?
      A. seem to be    B. don't seem to be
      C. seem that     D. don't seem that
    5. I wrote several letters to her but she didn't _____.
     A. answer to me   B. reply to me   C. reply me   D. answer for me
2. 语法句法
   (1) What do you think I should do?
    [说明]这是一种特殊疑问句形式。象do you think 这样在句中起补充说明作用的用法,还有I think,
    you know,I hope等,它们也可作插入语。
    例如:This diet ,I think, will do good to your health.
       这种饮食我想会对你有帮助的。
       You will have to try harder, you know, if you want to succeed.
       你知道如果你想成功的话,你必须更努力。
  (2) suggest
    [说明]作“(提出)建议”解时,可用于下列结构:
    1) suggest+名词/代词。
      例如:I only suggest the plan. You decide.
         我只提建议,由你决定。
         Perhaps William could suggest something that might solve the problem.
         也许William能提出一些解决这个问题的建议。
    2) suggest+V-ing形式。
      例如:It's noisy here. I suggest changing another hotel.
         这里太吵了,我建议换个宾馆。
    3) suggest+that从句。that可省略,从句中常用虚拟语气(即“should+动词原形”,
     should常省略)。
      例如:I suggest (that) you (should) ask Mr Wu.
        我建议你问问吴先生。
        I suggest that the boy be sent to the hospital at once.
        我建议立即把小孩送医院。
    4) suggest后接双宾语时,必须在指人的宾语前加to,即suggest+to sb + that从句。
      例如:The doctor suggested (to me) that I take more exercise to lose weight.
        医生建议我多做运动来减肥。
 [练习题]
    1. What he said _____ that he was angry with me.
      A. is meant   B. suggested   C. made   D. explained
    2. My teacher suggested _____ reading English every morning.
      A. me to practise   B. my practising
      C. that I must be   D. I am
    3. I suggest you ask Mr Wang if you have _____ the lab in your free class.
      A. used   B. ask for   C. considered using   D. asked for
    4. It's very nice _____ you _____ me with my English.
      A. for; to help   B. for; help   C. of; help   D. of; to help
    5. His friend suggested him not _____ the weekend with a girl who never tells a truth.
      A. to spend   B. spending   C. spent   D. spend
     
Unit 14 Mainly revision
 
(1) 网站名称:苗苗咨询网
   网站地址:http://sq.k12.com.cn/~zsxhy/hy.htm
   网站简介:高中生物学习网站,有答疑、课件、试题。

(2) 网站名称:新浪网
   网站地址:http://school.sina.com.cn/culture/
   网站简介:新浪同学会,有同学录、校园文章,还可以寻人。

(3) 网站名称:中国基础教育网
   网站地址:http://www.cbe21.com/subject/biology/
   网站简介:中国基础教育网的生物站点,有研究动态、习题、主要物种介绍、课件等资源。

(4) 网站名称:中学生物CAI
   网站地址:http://ylou.sosoo.net/
   网站简介:生物学习网站,有课件、习题、专题介绍,还有许多有用的网站。

(5) 网站名称:中学生物资源网
   网站地址:http://swjx.myrice.com/
   网站简介:中学生物教育专业网站,有图片、习题等资源。