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[基础知识]
1．词法
(1) notice
[说明] notice是名词，作 “布告，公告，告示，
消息”解。 它还有 “注意”的意思，一般指
无意注意到。
例如：Mrs Green sold her house by
putting a notice in the newspaper.
格林太太是在报上登通知把房子卖掉的。
Our teacher passed me without noticing
me.
老师从我身边过，而没有注意到我。
(2) abroad
[说明] abroad是副词，注意不要在abroad前加
to。
例如：be (go ,live, travel) abroad
在(去，住于，旅行于)外国
The port near our city will be opened
to foreign ships. So cars will be sent abroad.
我们城市附近的港口将向外国船舶开放。因此汽车将运往国外。
(3) supply
[说明] supply是及物动词，作“供应，供给”解，常用于supply
sth. to sb./ supply sb.
with sth. 结构中。
例如：The car factory supplies cars
to all parts of the country.
这个汽车厂向全国各地供应汽车。
Who supplies you with money?
谁给你提供钱？
(4) certain
[说明] certain 有 “确定的”的意思，在本课中是
“某种，一定的”的意思。
例如：It is certain that two and
two make four.
二加二得四是确定无疑的。
You're wanted by a certain Mr. Wang.
一个姓王的找你。
(5) agree
[说明] agree 常与 on/ with
等连用。agree on
一般指双方就某事达成一致意见。
agree with sb./sth. 意为 “同意某人的意见”。
例如：They agreed on the price.
他们成交了。
We agreed with him.
我们同意他的意见。
[练习题]
1. More jobs ___ the school-leavers
in the future.
A. will be supplied with B.
will be supplied to
C. are to supplied with
D. was to supplied
2. Do they agree ___ Jack about
that matter?
A. for B. at C. on
D. with
3. These clothes will ___ by train.
A. send to abroad B.
send from abroad
C. be send to abroad
D. be sent abroad
4. ---Have you found your coat in
the classroom?
---Not yet. I've seen ___
except some caps.
A. none B. no one
C. nobody D. any
5. I've left my books in our
classroom. Who can ____ it for me?
A. carry B. fetch C.
take D. bring
2．语法句法
(1) How long have you had it?
这辆车你买了多久了？
[说明]
在英语中，非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。所以我们不说“How
long have you bought it?”因为how
long 是“多久”的意思，而buy是非延续性动词，二者
不相配。常用的非延续性动词有：become,
begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall,
finish, get to know, go, join, leave,
marry, start, stop等。为了表达这种意思，我们常用
相应的延续性动词 have,keep
或短语 “be+名词，形容词，位置副词，介词短语”
来代替非
延续动词。如：become---be,
begin---have/ be on, borrow---keep, buy---have,
come--- be here/there/in…, die---be
dead, finish---be over, join---be in,
leave---be away等。
例如：His father has been dead for
one year.(不能用die)
他父亲死了一年了。
My brother has been in the army for
two years.(不能用join)
我哥哥参军两年了。
I have kept the book for two weeks. (不能用borrow)
我借这本书两个星期了。
(2) Not all the parts of the car will be
made in the factory.
[说明] 句中 “Not all…”意思是
“并非全部……”, “并不是所有的……”，表示部分否定。
当句中有 “all, every， both”等词时，
无论not 放在主语部分还是谓语部分，
都表示部分否定。
例如：Not all my friends smoke.
不是我所有的朋友都抽烟。
All my friends don't smoke.
(同上)
Not both of them are interested in
English.
他们俩并不都对英语感兴趣。
Both of them are not interested in
English.
(同上)
(3) 一般将来时的被动语态
[说明]
一般将来时的被动语态结构是，“助动词will/shall
+be+及物动词的过去分词”，
表示将要进行的被动动作。
例如：A new bridge will be built
over that river.
那条河上要建一座新桥。
A big factory will be set up in this
area.
这个地区要建一座大工厂。
[练习题]
1. How long have you ___the
computer?
A. bought B. buy C.
borrowed D. had
2. How much did you ___ the book?
A. cost B. buy C.
spend on D. pay at
3. It's not too late. ____the
restaurants are closed. Let's go out to eat
something.
A. Not all B. None C.
All D. Neither
4. ____ students understood what
the teacher said.
A. No every B. Not every
C. None D. No one
5. A new building ___ in our
factory next year.
A. is to open B. will be
set up C. is going to build D. has
built |
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[拓展知识]
1．词法
(1) notice
[说明]notice
除名词用法外，还有动词用法，意为
“注意到，看到”。多指无意中注意到。同
see, hear等词一样，其宾补形式不能再加to。如要表示有意注意到，常用take
notice of。
例如：Did you notice his hand
shaking?
你有没有注意到他的手在发抖？
Did you notice him pause?
你有没有注意到他停顿？
Take no notice of what they say,
ignore it.
不理他们说什么。
(2) spend
[说明] spend 有 “用(钱)，
花费，度过”的意思。常用于 spend…on
sth. /spend …(in)
doing sth.结构中。
例如：I spent three hundred yuan on
this coat.
我花三百块钱买了一件衣服。
He spent one hour (in) doing his
homework last night.
昨晚他花了一小时做作业。
They spent thirty months on this job.
他们用了三十个月完成这项工作。
(3) agree
[说明]agree还可以用于agree to的结构中，表示
“同意某人的建议，计划，安排等”，
例如，agree to +plan,suggestion,
proposal.
例如：He told us about his plan and
we at once agreed to it.
他告诉了我们他的计划，我们立刻同意了。
Do you think Kate will agree to my
suggestions?
你认为玛丽会同意我的建议吗？
They all agreed to start at once.
他们都同意立刻出发。
(4) a third person
[说明]英语中用 “冠词the +序数词(first,second,third…)”表示顺序。不定冠词不表顺序，
而表示 “又一，再一”，相当于
another。
例如：The old fisherman cast his
net a third time, and drew in a lot of stones.
老渔夫再一次撒网下去，捞上来了许多石头。
(5) wear, put on ,dress
[说明]wear是“穿着，戴着”的意思，可用于穿衣服，穿鞋，戴帽，戴手套，佩戴首饰等，强
调“穿着” 的状态。也表示“留着……头发”。
put on 是 “穿上，戴上”
的意思，可用于穿衣服，穿
鞋，戴帽子等。着重穿戴动作。dress
可作及物动词或不及物动词， 有 “穿着，打扮”之意。作
“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣，不用于穿鞋，戴帽，戴手套。作及物动词时，它的宾语是人，不是衣
服，即：dress sb.(给某人穿衣服)
。wear 作 “穿着”解时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，
不是人，即wear sth.(穿着衣服)。
例如：Who is the man wearing long
hair.
那个蓄长发的人是谁？
She likes to wear red coat.
她喜欢穿红外套。
He put on his coat and went out.
他穿上外套出去了。
She always dresses well.
她总打扮得很好。
Mary is dressing her child.
玛丽正在给孩子穿衣服。
(6) such as
[说明]such as 有 “例如，诸如”的意思，与for
example 差不多，但for example 常常接一
个完整的句子，而such as则多接词或词组，且要至少两个或两个以上的词或词组。
例如：They are interested in many
subjects, such as, English, maths, Chinese and
physics.
他们对许多科目都感兴趣，例如，英语，数学，语文和物理。
[练习题]
1. He spent two days in___ the English
story book.
A. reading B. read C.
reads D. to read
2. We may summarize his views ___:…
A. like the above B. as
follows C. as following D. the same as
3. This book is very expensive.
___it'll cost you 100 yuan.
A. On least B. To the least
C. For least D. At least
4. The port will ___ foreign ships.
A. open to B. opened C.
be opened to D. be open to
5. No one in our class agreed ___ the
plan.
A. with B. to C. on
D. about
2．语法句法
(1) “ not + all/ every / both…”是与表部分否定相对应的表达法
[说明]“not +all/ every/ both…”所表示的是部分否定，如要全部否定要用none/
neither
等词。
例如：Not all of them like this
book.
并不是他们都喜欢这本书(有的喜欢，有的不喜欢)。
None of them like this book.
他们都不喜欢这本书。
Not both of them can speak English.
他们两个并不都会说英语。(一个会，一个不会)
Neither of them can speak English.
他们都不会说英语。
(2) 英文书面通知的格式与写法
[说明]
书面通知又称通告或布告。它是上级对下级，组织对成员部署工作，传达事情，召开
会议所使用的一种文体。通告一般张贴在布告牌上，或公共场所显眼的地方。通告正文上方的
正中位置写上NOTICE(每个字母都大写)。出通知的单位写在右下角，或写在NOTICE的正上
方。出通知的日期一般写在左下角。单位和日期也可省略。通告不必写称呼，也没有结束语。
但在正文里，往往首先提到被通知的对象。通告的正文就是通告的内容，这是主体部分，包括
通知的对象、事由、时间、地点等。语言应简洁明了，条理清晰，要求明确，特别是时间概念
很重要，必须写得十分明确，不容丝毫含糊。
[练习题]
1. One is not my sister, but the other
is. = ____ are not my sisters.
A. Either B. Both C.
The two D. Neither
2. We should complete the job as ____
as possible.
A. often B. long C.
far D. soon
3. ___ the Americans have been to
Shanghai.
A. No B. All C. Not
all D. None of
4. They ___ the train until it
disappeared in the distance.
A. saw B. watched C.
noticed D. observed
5. We agreed ___ here but so far she
hasn't turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting
C. to meet D. to have met |
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Automobile
Industry
Automobile Industry,
industry that produces automobiles and other
gasoline-powered vehicles such as buses, trucks,
and motorcycles. The automobile industry is one of
the most important industries in the world,
affecting not only the economy but also the
cultures of the world. It provides jobs for
millions of people, generates billions of dollars
in worldwide revenues, and provides the basis for
a multitude of related service and support
industries. Automobiles have revolutionized
transportation in the 20th century, changing
forever the way people live, travel, and do
business.
The automobile has enabled people to travel
and transport goods farther and faster, and has
opened wider market areas for business and
commerce. The auto industry has also reduced the
overall cost of transportation by using such
methods as mass production (making several
products at once, rather than one at a time), mass
marketing (selling products nationally rather than
locally), and globalization of production
(assembling products with parts made worldwide).
Between 1886 and 1898, about 300 automobiles were
built, but there was no real established industry.
A century later, with automakers and auto buyers
expanding globally, automaking became the world's
largest manufacturing activity, with nearly 54
million new vehicles built each year worldwide.
As a result of easier and faster
transportation, the United States and world
economies have become dependent on the mobility
that automobiles, trucks, and buses provide. This
mobility allowed remote populations to interact
with each other, which increased commerce. The
transportation of goods to consumers and consumers
to goods has become an industry in itself. The
automobile has also brought related problems, such
as air pollution, congested traffic, and highway
fatalities. Nevertheless, the automobile industry
continues to be an important source of employment
and transportation for millions of people
worldwide.
Transport in the Past
Before the motorcar became a practical way to
travel, people depended mainly on horses to get
from one place to another. They not only used
horses to ride on, but to pull various type of
vehicles as well. The simplest of these was the
cart, an uncovered vehicle with two or four wheels
which was used for carrying goods. For short
trips, a light two-wheeled vehicle called a trap
was often used, while for longer journeys a closed
four-wheeled vehicle called a carriage was
preferred. Private carriages could be very
luxurious, with fur rugs and even vases of
flowers. For those without a private carriage, a
coach could be used. This was a public means of
transport which followed regular routes throughout
the country, stopping at inns to change horses and
allow people to rest and have something to eat.
With the invention of the train in Britain in the
1820s, long journeys in horse-drawn vehicles
became less and less common, and in the early
1900s the motorcar began to replace horses
altogether.
 Over
the last two hundred years, means of transport
have changed and developed a great deal. Oddly
enough the first successful development was in air
travel when, in 1783, the French Montgolfier
brothers launched the hot-air balloon. Twenty
years later, in England the steamboat and steam
train made their first successful trips. Nearly 40
years later the first version of the modern
bicycle was introduced and in 1903 the first
successful airplane flight was made by the Wright
brothers of Ohio, USA.
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