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I. The words & expressions you should be able to use:
  
gangway fussy poky
cosy plunge exaggerate
haunt thrilling pinch
pathetic pervasive anaesthetic
inhale vitality uneasiness
massively inertia comprehensible
boom monotonous far-off
lounge ceaseless luncheon
spider web  

intoxicate futile
the moment set foot on
step off run through
get into no doubt
on the whole lapse into
attend to lounge round
gaze on to no purpose
for the sake of (for…'s sake)  

 II. The words you need to know their meanings in Chinese only:
  
ashore  lurch
dimly  benevolent
inoffensive uncanny
deathly  boat-train
impregnate  chloroform 
sea-shell murmur 
monotony  jazz
inaction  abject 
futility  

 III. The sentences you can paraphrase:
  
It is no lurch of fear.

My life is dulling down to London dullness.

No doubt if you stay longer you get over it, and find London as thrilling as Paris or Rome or New York. But the climate is against me.

With pinched and wondering gaze, the morning of departure, I look out of the taxi upon the strange dullness of London's arousing; a sort of death; and hope and life only return when I get my seat in the boat-train, and hear all the Good-byes!

The bus lapses into an inertia of dullness, then dully starts again.

But in London I feel like a spider whose thread has been caught by somebody, and is being drawn out of him, so he must spin, spin, spin, and all to no purpose.

And the others talk, endlessly also. It is ceaseless, it is intoxicating, it is the only real occupation of us who do not jazz.
 
 IV. The paragraphs you can translate into Chinese:
  
This is the nightmare that haunts you the first few weeks of London. No doubt if you stay longer you set over it, and find London as thrilling as Paris or Rome or New York. But the climate is against me. I cannot stay long enough. With pinched and wondering gaze, the morning of departure, I look out of the taxi upon the strange dullness of London's arousing; a sort of death; and hope and life only return when I get my seat in the boat-train, and hear all the Good-byes! Good-bye! Good-bye! Thank God to say Good-bye!

And what does one do, in London? I, not having a job to attend to, lounge round and gaze in bleak wonder on the ceaseless dullness. Or I have luncheons and dinners with friends and talk. Now my deepest private dread of London is my dread of this talk. I spent most of my days abroad, saying little, or with a bit of chatter and a silence again. But in London I feel like a spider whose thread has been caught by somebody, and is being drawn out of him, so he must spin, spin, spin, and all to no purpose. He is not even spinning his own web, for his own reasons.

So it is in London, at luncheon, dinner, or tea. I don't want to talk. I don't mean to talk. Yet the talk is drawn out of me, endlessly. And the others talk, endlessly also. It is ceaseless, it is intoxicating, it is the only real occupation of us who do not jazz. And it is purely futile. It is quite as bad as ever the Russians were: talk for talk's sake, without the very faintest intention of a result in action. Utter inaction and storms of talk. That again is London to me. And the sense of abject futility in it all only deepens the sense of abject dullness, so all there is to do is to go away.
 
V. The grammatical items you should learn to apply:
  
Conjuction

sink
  
sink v.
1. to go down below a surface, out of sight, or to the bottom of water
The ship was sinking rapidly.
The torpedo sank the battleship immediately"
The sun sank slowly behind the hills.
2. to go down in number, value strength, etc.; to become depressed or less hopeful
Daylight sank rapidly when the sun had set.
Our spirits sank.
3. to fall from lack of strength
At this sight Jimmie sank helplessly to his knees.
4. to pass gradually into
The baby sank into a deep sleep.
She sank into a coma.

sunken adj.
1.(used attributively) sunk under water
The sunken ship carried a precious cargo of gold bullion.
2. hollow: having fallen inwards or lower than the surface
His face was pale and his cheeks were sunken.

matter
  
matter v.
to be important
It matters little whether they do it or not.
 
matter n.
1. the material which makes up the world and everything in space which can be seen or touched
The entire universe is made up of different kinds of matter.
2. a subject to which one gives attention
The matter is rather complicated but I hope I've made it clear to you.
He is an expert on money matters.
 
the matter (with):
wrong (with)
What's the matter with your foot ?
He has something the matter with his foot.
 
 haunt
  
haunt v.
1. to visit often or continually to frequent
Sea birds often haunt the shore.
He haunted the art galleries.
2. (of a spirit) to visit, appearing in a strange form (often passive)
For years, villagers believed that the old farm was haunted.
3. to be always in the thoughts of (someone)
She was haunted by perpetual fear that she might have cancer of the stomach.
She was hunted by gloomy thoughts.
 
haunt n.
a place one often visits
The island is known to be a holiday haunt.

doubt
  
doubt v.
to be uncertain about, but inclined not to believe (that something is the case)
We have reason to doubt his innocence.
I do not doubt that 'he will come soon.
 
doubt n.
a feeling of not being sure and sometimes of being suspicious
There were growing doubts about the victory claim.
There is great doubt whether he did so or not.
 
no doubt:
surely; probably
No doubt Dorothy was the smartest girl in her class.
You have no doubt heard of her before.
 
beyond dout:
(certainly)
Beyond doubt, they will arrive tomorrow.

1. It begins the moment you set foot ashore 
　"It" refers to the author's feeling that "the heart suddenly, yet vaguely sinks". (you become sad and disappointed), or possibly, to the feeling of London's dullness.
　"The moment" is used as a conjunction, meaning "as soon as". Some nouns can function as conjunctions to introduce time-adverbial clauses.
　She must have dashed out the instant I grabbed the phone.
　Next time you come to Shanghai, be sure to call on us.
　"Set foot in a place" is to enter that place:
　The moment he sets foot on American soil, he will be seized by the police.
　It starts raining whenever we set foot out of doors.
　He lived in Paris for years without ever setting foot in the Louvre.
2. It is no lurch of fear
　It is no sudden attack of fear. It is not that you are suddenly seized with fear.
3. the life-urge 　
one's desire to live
4. trail 　
move slowly and wearily behin other people
5. fussy 　
too concerned with or too particular about small matters. The sentence after the dash explains why the author views the customs as being fussy and foolish
6. the customs
　the place at a border, airport, or harbour where people arriving from a foreign country have to declare goods that they bring with them
7. You set foot; we don't really think; I am being dulled 　
As in Orwell's "What Is It Like to Be Poor?" the pronouns "you," "we," and "I" in this essay are all used to refer to the author himself. The shift from one to another is for the change of style.
8. poky; inoffensive; dull 　
These words, and possibly some others, are repeated to the extent of forming odd collocations. Yet the combined effect of these incongruities is extreme monotony and boredom. If you feel quite frustrated at such a dull style, then the author has succeeded in having you share his experience of frustration at London's dullness. With the excessive use of repetition, he wants his reader to sense and feel, as it were, what London's dullness is like. Note that the author not only repeats the, word "dull," but also uses its different parts of speech - as an adjective (dull), as a noun (dullness), as a transitive verb (being dulled), and as an intransitive verb (is dulling down) - as well as its near synonyms like "grey" (dull and unpleasant) and "poky".
　poky: (of a room, house, etc.) small and cramped;
　(of a town) small and dull; (of a person) without speed or energy, slow
9. station of Victoria 　
Victoria Station. Lawrence presumably refers to it as he does in order to be able to modify it with the adjectives "big but unexciting."
10. a plunge of misery 　
a plunge into misery
11. complex 　
system; network. A complex of little roads, for example, is a group of little roads closely connected with each other. A sports complex is a large gymnasium with everything needed for many different sports activities. A leisure complex is a system of buildings which may include a swimming-pool, tennis courts, a library, etc. When we say we are dealing with a whole complex of thoughts and prejudices, we mean so many different ideas and biases are entangled with each other that it is difficult to deal with them.
12. my life is dulling down to London dullness
My life is being reduced to the same dullness as London's.
13. the nightmare 
　the horrible feeling
14. the climate is against me 
　This sentence reveals the author's personal grudge against London.. All his descriptions of London are from the viewpoint of this personal hostility, and not at all from an objective point of view.
15. pinched 
　painful, unsmiling, with one's face tight
16. wondering 
　perplexed; questioning
17. dullness of London's arousing 
　dullness of the morning of London
　arousing: awakening from sleep
18. the boat-train 
　the train that takes passengers directly from London to the ship at one of the Channel ports, probably Dover or Folkestone, from where ferries cross to the Continent.
19. good-bye! 
　The repetition of "good-bye," as well as other repetitions in the subsequent paragraphs such as "dull" in paragraph 3, "easy" and "nice" in paragraph 4, "thrilling" in paragraph 5, "crushing" , in paragraph 6, and "spin" in paragraph 7, is to gather momentum and build up emphasis. It underscores Lawrence's dread of London (What a relief to be able to say "good-bye" to London at last). This function is different from that of repetition in the first paragraph.
20. pathetic 
　sad and pitiable
21. Yet it seems to me ... my life is dull 
　This description is highly subjective: others may not feel the same way.
"The vague, wondering realization" is in apposition to "the pinched, pathetic look in their faces." It means such a look in their faces shows that they have dimly realized London is dull, and yet they do not understand why it should be so.
 22. paragraph 4 
　This paragraph expresses the author's feeling towards the English people, who he says are nice and easy. "Nice" means friendly and pleasant to one anther, trying to be accommodating. "Easy" means easy-going or permissive, that is, English people are not critical of what others do, will go out of the way to be polite, and will try to keep tension as low as possible. As a result everybody makes everything so agreeable to everybody else that nobody needs to object. But in Lawrence's eyes, these originally good qualities have become bad. He says it is just this easiness and this niceness that are frightening (a nightmare). He then uses two metaphors to explain his point: drug and flame. Easiness and niceness, in his analogy, are like anaesthetics (drugs) such as chloroform which can numb your senses and put you to sleep, and can neutralize everything, no matter good or bad. This drug thus permeates London's atmosphere. As everyone has to breathe, they take in this drug. Under its effect, their vitality or individuality begins to sink, or to use Lawrence's metaphor, the flame of their individual life becomes low. In England, each individual can have his own way, his personal freedom and privacy (England can manage to be so free and individual), because no one is vigorous enough to interfere with others, as everybody's flame of vitality is burning low and there is no distinctive or sharp individuality. Lawrence carries the metaphor of flame so far as to say that since nobody's flame is burning hot (it is just mildly warm), you needn't worry you will get your fingers burnt (safe). So on the surface everything is perfect [the whole (is) ideal]. But below the surface of easiness is a painful (gnawing) uneasiness, as in someone addicted to drugs such as opium, heroin or cocaine, who has a painful time when the drug works off. In other words, when you realize your life-urge is being reduced by this easiness and this niceness, you will feel painfully uneasy.
　The word "drug" can mean anaesthetics such as chloroform, or drugs such as opium. Here, Lawrence uses the word in both senses, since the same substance of opiumof opium for cyample, can be used for both medical and pleasure purposes.
　Drug-taker get feelings of happiness and elation at first, and then tend to withdraw, become less aggressive have trouble concentrating, tend to get dizzy and feel as if they were dreaming, and eventually become sleepy. The addict needs more and more of the drug as time goes on, not only to achieve the feeling the drug produces but also to avoid extremely painful withdrawal symptoms. Overdose frequently kills addicts.
 23. Twenty years ago ... 
　During these twenty years, Lawrence had grown up to become a writer and had been driven out of his native land, and the First World War had turned his optimism into pessimism. So it was not England that had changed much; it was Lawrence himself, his feelings, that had changed.
24. living adventure 
　on-going exciting activities. "Adventure" in the text is the opposite of "dullness."
25. paragraph 6 
　London's traffic becomes, in Lawrence's eyes, a hateful object with which to express his aversion to technology. The traffic is described as going massively, overwhelmingly and enormously, to, mean that the advancement of industrialization is inevitable and irresistible, and the author despairs of preventing it. It crushes life out of everything, just as modern technology dehumanizes human society by destroying basic human feelings.
26. lapses into an inertia 
　gradually (listlessly) comes to a halt
27. dully starts 
　The bus stops dully and starts dully.
28. the seas of life 
　An adventurous life is compared to seas, for in the traditional mind when you undertake an adventure, you usually set out in a ship as Columbus did and cross the oceans.
　Apart from its interpretation as associated with adventure, however, "sea of life" is a fixed and commonly used metaphor, which simply means one's course in life.
　He's just floating along on the seas of life. (He's very passive in the face of different life events.
　This is only a drop in the sea of life. (This is only a small incident of your life.)
　He embarked early on the sea of public life.
29. like a vast sea-shell 
　This refers to the usual practice that when you take a walk on the seashore, you can pick up a seashell and hold it against your ear so that you hear a kind of sound like that made by the sea. It sounds like the waves of the ocean. Actually the sound comes out of the peculiar shape of the seashell, You can have the same effect if you hold a cup to your ear.
30. crushing everything dead 
　crushing everything so that it becomes dead. "Dead" is not the attributive, but the complement of the object "everything". cf.
　Wipe the knife clean after use.
 31. paragraphs 7-8 
　Here Lawrence uses the simile of a spider to describe his exasperation at the empty talk of London. He compares himself, or for that matter other people in London as well, to a spider and the endless talk to the thread. He is not spinning (talking) out of his own will, but his thread is forced out of him under London's circumstances.
32. in bleak wonder 
　depressed and perplexed; despairingly showing inability to understand how this could happen
33. look ... upon the strange dullness (pa.2); gaze ... on the ceaseless dullness 
　The use of "on" instead of "at" emphasizes the fact that one lets his eyes stay on something remarkable and is filled with wonder. "Gaze on" is a usual collocation, but "look on" is not.
　The traveller had never before gazed on such beautiful scenery.
34. to no purpose 
　without any useful results
35. luncheon, dinner, or tea 
　(in British English) "Luncheon" is the meal at midday, a formal and now old-fashioned word for "lunch". "Dinner" is the meal in the evening for most middle-class people. "Tea" is a light meal taken in the afternoon, usually consisting of sandwiches and cakes, with tea or other drinks.
36. intoxicating 
　putting you to a kind of stupor, a state where your senses are dulled
37. jazz 
　play or dance to jazz music. The author believes that people in London have a choice of only two real occupations: they either jazz or talk
38. as ever the Russians were .. in action 
　The author believes that Russians have the reputation of being "all talk and no dead."
39. abject futility; abject dullness 
　complete futility; utter dullness. "Abject" is an emphasizer used of something undesirable.
40. The sense of abject futility in it all 
　the feeling that all this talk is absolutely useless (a waste of time) 

I. Comprehension
  
A. Answer the following questions.

1. How did Lawrence feel when he set foot ashore? Explain what he meant by "the heart dimly sank".
2. What did he think of the people, the place and things in general ? Did he have a grudge against them ?
3. Do you think he really believed he was an exceptional case to feel like this about his own country?
4. Why couldn't he stay longer in England ?
5. How does the author use the metaphors of drug and flame in the essay
6. What did he mean by "under all the easiness is gnawing uneasiness"?
7. How was his feeling towards London changed in the span of twenty years ?
8. Lawrence uses much repetition in the essay. Discuss its effect in relation to the theme.
9. How did Lawrence describe London's traffic?
1O. What was his deepest dread of life in London ?
11. What are the adjectives which Lawrence used to describe dullness in the first paragraph? Try to find the collocations of dull and dullness in the text.

B. State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.

1. Lawrence lived mostly abroad.
2. The people he met were not very friendly to him.
3. For the first few weeks in London, he had nightmares.
4. The sentence "My life is dulling down to London dullness" means that Lawrence's life b6came dull because London was dull.
5. According to Lawrence, the English people are generally easy going.
6. Lawrence found life in London so dull because he was no longer a young man then.
7. Empty talks exasperated D.H. Lawrence.
 
II. Vocabulary
  
A. Rewrite the following sentences with the words and expressions given below.

the moment set foot no doubt
on the whole inhale cosy

1. As soon as he got off the train, he went straight to the mayor's office.
2. I have every confidence in his ability to handle the matter.
3. Taking everything into consideration, the delegates agreed to act together in times of crisis but they still have a number of disputes over minor issues.
4. The diver drew a deep breath before plunging into the water.
5. The room may be small but rather warm and comfortable.
6. While living in exile in France, Chopin longed for the day when he could step onto his native soil again.

B. Fill in the blanks, using new words or expressions from the text.(输入完毕后按ctrl键得知对错)

1. Helen is very   with what she wears.
2. I don't think you can take his words seriously. He always likes to   the difficulties of a situation.
3. The hero in the novel wanted to break away from the way of   life of the middle class.
4. Now that spring is here, the whole air is   with sweet smells of lowers.
5. By the torchlight the biologist spotted some   little creatures clinging to a branch.
6. The humiliation and shame still   at his heart.

C. Supply the word that corresponds to the definition in each of the following sentences.

1. To leave a ship and to go on land is to go  .
2. To desert a person when he is in difficulty is said to leave him in the   .
3. If something is capable of being understood, we say it is  .
4. A  person always thinks about how to benefit others.
5. To walk in a leisurely way is to  .
6. A formal meal in the midday held on a special occasion is called  .
7. The  of an action is shown in its utter uselessness.
8. In British English, a narrow passageway between two rows of seats is called a  . So is the opening in a ship's side.
9. A drug that relieves a patient of pain in operation is called an  .
1O. To speak indistinctly in a low voice is to  .

D. Translate the following into English, using the words and expressions given below.

intoxicate pervasive haunt
on the whole lapse into attend to
to no purpose for the sake of  

1．成功使他十分陶醉，他开始变得洋洋自得。
 
2．总的说来，这本书值得一读。
 
3．病人突然说起胡话来了。
 
4．为了世界和平，各国应该努力解决争端。
 
5．往事依然在他梦中萦回。
 
6．"有入接待你吗?"营业员问道。
 
7．这一切空谈都毫无意义。
 
8．家长和教师正共同努力，不让孩子受到无空不入的不良影响。
 
E. Word formation

1. The verb "deepen" is formed by adding the suffix -en to the adjective "deep". "To deepen" means "to make ... deep". Explain the meanings of the ten verbs below and then add five more examples to the list.

darken sweeten
sicken sadden
thicken weaken
fasten lessen
toughen straighten
  
2. The prefix a- is often added to a noun, a verb or an adjective to form new words. For example, "ashore", meaning "on shore", is made up of the noun "shore" and the prefix a-. Below you will find 12 such words. Explain the meaning of a- in these words.

afoot abed (old use)
asleep ablaze
afield atypical
atop amoral
atheist awake
athirst aseptic
  
F. Vocabulary revision

Explain the italicized parts in the following sentences.
1. The wood panels on the doors have all been renewed.
 
2. The lack of rain had parched the land.
 
3. Choices will have to be made if we are to preserve the beauty and usefulness of the land.
 
4. When the unexpected guests came, Mother rose to the occasion by making soup.
 
5. He gorged himself on fruit at the party.
 
III. Word Study
  
A．Translate the following by using the words in WORD STUDY．

1．船只触礁沉没，船上的人都淹死了。
 
2．当我想起前面将遇到的困难，心情很沉重。
 
3．他受了重伤，倒在地上。
 
4．那辆汽车对他来讲真是非常重要。
 
5．这不仅仅是一个人口增长的问题。
 
6．她想知道出了什么问题。
 
7．在她是个小姑娘的时候，她经常去当地那家电影院。
 
8．她悲惨的神色老是在我脑中出观。
 
9．海滨是我最爱去的地方之一。
 
10．我们都怀疑他的理论的正确性。
 
11．要是你对一个词的重音吃不准，请查一下词典。
 
12．如果乔治到镇上来的话，他很可能会打电话给我们。
 
B． Word study revision

Translate the following by using the words given．

oblige mind exhaust suspect approach

1．他们到达山顶时，感到浑身无力。
 
2．一场风雪正从西面袭来。
 
3．他们被迫出卖房子来还债。
 
4．医生从症状看怀疑是麻疹。(measles)
 
5．当我不在时，请你小心火烛。

 IV. Grammar (conjunction)
  
A. Fill in the blanks with the given conjunctions.(输入完毕后按ctrl键得知对错)

when where since but as because or until although so that if after
l. Treat others  you wish them to treat you.
2.   you have come here, you might as well stay for a while.
3. Let go of me,   I'll scream.
4. John did not beat his wife   he loved her.
5.   there is water, there is life.
6. John was watching TV   Mary rushed into the room.
7. He asked for Mary's help,   she refused.
8. We had to wait   we found the lost student.
9.   it was very difficult, they still finished it ahead of schedule .
1O. I'll go there   you go there too.
11. They shut the windows,   the neighbours wouldn't hear the radio.
12. They succeeded only   they had tried more than 50 times.

B. Rewrite the following sentences, expanding the non-finite verb phrases, prepositional phrases and adjectival phrases into clauses:

1. Before liberation my parents were too poor to send me to school.
 
2. With her husband away, Mary dare not stay at home.
 
3. Seeing that there was no other choice, John had to do as he was told.
 
4. Asked, the minister said the government was making a new policy concerning foreign trade.
 
5. They set out in spite of the heavy rain.
 
6. The students went to the cinema, laughing and talking merrily.
 
7. He is working hard to make up for his absence in the past few weeks.
 
8. He knows not to speak when the teacher is speaking.
 
9. Working hard, you will succeed.
 
10. Heated, water changes into steam.
 
C. Rewrite the following sentences, combining the main clause and the subordinate clause into one single clause by using a non-finite verb phrase or a prepositional phrase.

1. If you are to pass the examination, you must work harder.
 
2. Because John was absent, we had to postpone the party.
 
3. Some parts of Africa are so hot that it Is impossible for the peasants to work during the day.
 
4. When the teacher found that John had cheated at the examination, he immediately reported the matter to the head of the department.
 
5. After John had graduated from the university, his father gave him a job in his office.
 
6. Because he was born and bred a countryman, he was bewildered by Chicago.
 
7. As my wife was ill, I had to take care of the baby.
 
8. If the weather permits, we shall go to the zoo this afternoon.
 
9. Because he saw that it was raining, John put on his mackintosh.
 
10. When they arrived there at dusk, they were totally exhausted.
 
V. Writing
  
A. Comment on Lawrence's use of the technique of repetition in this essay.

B. Do you ever feel very much bored about a place? Write an essay in about 400 words on that.

VI. Topics for Oral Work
  
A. In the 18th century Samuel Johnson said, "If a man is tired of London, he is tired of life." Lawrence wrote this essay in 1928. Discuss why there should be such a great difference in opinion.

B. If possible, would you like to visit London ? Why or why not ?
 
VII. Comprehensive Exercises
  
A. Read the following text, then make up 10 questions, pick out 10 useful words or expressions and give their meanings.

The lighting of the London streets with gas had been completed in 1823, and this new form of illumination was slowly finding its way into offices and private houses. Omnibuses had been plying in the London streets since 1829, but it was twenty years before outside seats were introduced. The Hansom cab, invented by a Birmingham man of that name, appeared in 1894, and gradually the old-fashioned heavy coach and light vehicles formerly on hire disappeared, leaving the omnibus, the Hansom, and the four-wheeled cab. The steady improvement of the paving of the streets and the convenience of the omnibuses and cabs gradually weakened the old habit of using the boats of the Thames waterman in going from one part of the city to another, and the building of Waterloo and Southward bridges and the construction of the Thames Tunnel completed the process. Before long the many stairways to the waterside fell into disuse and the watermen disappeared.

B. Do the puzzles.

a. Answer the following questions.
1. On what river does London stand ?
2. Name three of London's famous bridges.
3. What is Big Ben and where in London will you find it ?
4. What would you find at Madame Tussand's ?

b. Find 24 words learnt in this essay in the chart below.

a b o o m n r m u r e a n s
b p s e a s h e l l u r c h
j a z z s p I d e r t I r e
e t p o s i u n c a n n y x
c h i n i n h a l e o l i a
t e n e v c a c a r t o m g
e t c w e h u t e m p u p g
d i h o l u n c h e o n r e
I c y m y s t n f f k g e r
m o n o t o n o u s y e g a
l s a s h o r e t h e y n t
y y w v i t a l i t y e a e
e g a n g w a y l r e s t s
s i n e r t i a e w e b e t

I. Comprehension

B.
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T

II. Vocabulary

A.
1. The moment he ...
2. No doubt he can handle the matter./I have no doubt about his ability to .. .
3. On the whole, the delegates ...
"On the whole" means "generally speaking, "by and large," or "taking everything important into account and not giving much importance to minor details." That means what is being said is true in most cases and may not be true in some cases.
4. The diver inhaled deeply before ...
5 . . . rather cosy.
6. . . . could set foot on his. . .
Frederic Francois Chopin (1810-1849), pianist and composer, was born in Poland. In the 1830s he settled in Paris. Although he remained a Polish nationalist,
he never returned home.

B.
1. fussy
"About" is more usual than "with."
Helen is very particular about what she wears, and is difficult to please in that matter.
2. exaggerate
3. monotonous
4. impregnated (filled)
5. uncanny (strange)
6. gnawed (tormented his heart)

C.
1. ashore 2. lurch
3. comprehensible 4. benevolent
5. lounge 6. luncheon
7. futility 8. gangway ("aisle" in American English)
9. anaesthetic 10. murmur

D.
1. He was so intoxicated by his success that he began to
put on airs/to be conceited/self-satisfied.
2. On the whole, the book is worth reading.
3. The patient suddenly lapsed into delirium/into talking
complete nonsense.
4. Nations should endeavour to solve their disputes for the
sake of world peace. /For the sake of world peace,
every nation should make efforts to resolve its disputes
with other nations.
5. The past still haunted him in his dreams. /He is still
haunted in his dreams with memories of the past.
We do not say "haunt his dreams."
6. "Are you being attended to?" asked the shop assistant
(a set expression used in formal situations)
7. All this empty talk is to no purpose.
8. Parents and teachers are working together to keep chil-
dren (away) from pervasive evil influence.
Do not say "prevent children from," which is usually
followed by "doing something."

E.
1. The suffix "-en" is added mainly to monosyllabic na-
tive adjectives to form verbs. The meaning can be
explained as "make (more) X" in transitive use,
or "be come X" in intransitive use (X is the base
adjective). "Fast" as an adjective means "firmly
fixed."
2. The prefix "a-" can be
(1) added to a noun, meaning "on", "in", etc.
afoot: in progress (from the meaning "on foot")
ablaze: on fire
abed: in bed
afield: away from home(from the meaning "in the field")
atop: on top of
athirst: thirsty; eager; having a strong desire
(2) added to adjectives or nouns to obtain a negative meaning.
atheist: one who does not believe in God
amoral: incapable of distinguishing between right and wrong, e.g. Babies and animals are amoral.
atypical: not typical; unusual
aseptic: clean; free from germs
(3) added to verbs to form predicative adjectives, meaning something like the progressive of the base verb.
asleep: be sleeping
awake: not sleeping (be waking)

F.
1. . . . been replaced by new ones.
2. . . . had caused the land to be very dry.
3. . . . if we want to ...
4. . . . Mother dealt with the situation adequately by making soup.
5. He ate fruit greedily at the party./He was satiated with fruit at the party.

III. Word Study

A.
1. The ship struck a rock and sank. All on board were drowned.
2. My heart/spirits sank when I thought of the difficulties ahead.
3. He sank to the ground, badly wounded.
4. That car matters a great deal/(very) much/(quite) a lot to him.
5. it's not just a matter of/a mere, matter of population growth.
6. She wanted to know/wondered what was the matter.
Do not say "... what the matter was," because "the Matter" functions as an adjective, replaceable by "wrong", e.g.
There is nothing the matter with the machine.
7. As a girl, she used to haunt the local cinema.
8. Her look of misery haunts me./Her bitter/grieved expression haunts me./I am haunted by her miserable/woeful look.
Do not say "haunts my mind." "Haunt sb" means "be always in the thoughts of sb."
9. Seashore/Seaside/The beach is one of my favourite haunts.
10. We all doubt the correctness of his theory.
If you have any doubt about the stress/accent of a word, please consult/look the word up in your dictionary.
12. If George comes to town, he will no doubt telephone us.

B.
1. They felt quite exhausted when they reached the top of the mountain.
2. A snowstorm is approaching from the west.
3. They were obliged to sell their house in order to their debts.
4. From the symptoms the doctor suspected measles.
5. Please mind the fire while I am out.

IV. Grammar (conjunction)

A.
1. as 2. Since 3. or
4. because 5. Where 6. when
7. but 8. until 9. Although
10. if 11. so that 12. after

B.
1. ... so poor that they could not send me to school.
2. When her husband was/is away,. . .
3. Since there was no other choice,. . .
4. When he was asked,. . .
5. ... though it was raining heavily.
6. As/While the students went to the cinema, they laughed and talked merrily.
7. ... so that he can make up for...
8. He knows that he mustn't/shouldn't speak...
9. If you work hard,. . .
10. After it is heated,. . .

C.
1. To pass .../You must work harder in order to pass...
2. With John absent, ...
3. ... too hot for the peasants...
4. Finding that ... the teacher immediately ...
5. After John's graduation ... /After graduating from ...
John was given a job in his father's office.
6. Born and bred a countryman,. . .
7. My wife being ill,. . .
8. Weather permitting,. . .
9. Seeing that...
10. They arrived there at dusk, totally exhausted.
Their physical condition on arrival. Do not say
" Arriving there at dusk, they were. . ." which means "arriving at dusk" was the reason for their tiredness.

VII. Comprehensive Exercises

A.
Notes:
1. the Hansom cab: a horse-drawn carriage with two
wheels and a fixed hood, used in former times, named
after its designer J. A. Hansom(1803-1892)
2. four-wheeled cab: taxi

B.
a.
1. On the River Thames.
2. Westminster, Waterloo and London.
3. A clock tower. On the Houses of Parliament.
4. Wax figures of famous (and infamous) persons in the world.

b. Horizontally:
Line

1. boom, murmur 2. seashell, lurch
3. jazz, spider 4. uncanny
5. inhale 8. luncheon
9. icy 10. monotonous
11. ashore 12. vitality
13. gangway 14. inertia, web

Vertically (from left to right):
Column

1. abject 2. pathetic, cosy
3. pinch 5. massively
6. pinch 7. haunt
9. futile 11. poky
12. lounge 13. impregnate
14. exaggerate